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Smoking & Oral Health

Y Calcified deposits on tooth surface y Caused by the mineral composition of plaque fluid y y and saliva (calcium phosphate) Attached firmly on the tooth surface so it is not easily removed Rough surface allows further plaque formation y Usually leads to gingivitis. Y Smoking increases oral pH value (ammonia) y More deposits of calcium and phosphate deposit y Longer time for demineralisation + less buffering capacity y plaque formation is enhanced

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Nicholas Ng
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101 views34 pages

Smoking & Oral Health

Y Calcified deposits on tooth surface y Caused by the mineral composition of plaque fluid y y and saliva (calcium phosphate) Attached firmly on the tooth surface so it is not easily removed Rough surface allows further plaque formation y Usually leads to gingivitis. Y Smoking increases oral pH value (ammonia) y More deposits of calcium and phosphate deposit y Longer time for demineralisation + less buffering capacity y plaque formation is enhanced

Uploaded by

Nicholas Ng
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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m Calcified deposits on tooth surface

m Hardened plaque
m Caused by the mineral composition of plaque fluid
and saliva (calcium phosphate)
m Attached firmly on the tooth surface so it is not easily
removed
m Rough surface allows further plaque formation
m Protection barrier for bacteria
m Usually leads to gingivitis
m moking leads to poor oral hygiene
m moking increases oral pH value (ammonia)
m More deposits of calcium and phosphate deposit
m moking decreases salivary flow (blood flow)
m Longer time for demineralisation + less buffering
capacity
m Plaque formation is enhanced
m Increased plaque formation ×calculus formation
m Inflammation of gum around the teeth
m ymptoms
m Gingiva appears bright red, swollen, easy bleeding
Cause
m Induced by bacterial plaque accumulates in the small
gaps between the gums and the teeth and by calculus
that forms on the teeth
m Factors
m Amount of calculus, blood supply, vitamin C
m Increases the formation of calculus
m Causes peripheral vasoconstriction
m Breaks down vitamin C
m Masks the early sign of gingivitis (bleeding upon
probing)
m 3ature
m A type of extrinsic dental stain
m Caused by tars and resins in tobacco
m Occurrence
m Enamel surfaces (cervical & lingual aspects)
m Appearance
m Diffuse and powdery
m From light yellow, brown to almost black
m Factors
m Amount of plaque, calculus, tobacco used
m Chromogens in tobacco (tobacco & resins)
+
m Pellicle on the tooth surface
(through hydrogen bonds)
+
Oxidation of chromogens with time
+
m Accumulation of chromogens
m Infection of the tissues that support the teeth (due to
the action of oral bacteria)
m Causes the attachment of the tooth and its supporting
tissues to break down
m Turns a sulcus into a pocket which depth indicates the
severity of the disease
m Causes tooth loosening or even tooth loss in serious
case
m changes the pH and the oxidation-reduction potential
thus promote anaerobic bacteria growth in plaque
m increases the depth of periodontal pocket
m nicotine in it causes vasoconstriction and less gingival
bleeding (a symptom of periodontal disease), thus
diagnosis and treatment will be delayed
m all the above factors contribute to periodontal disease
m Enamel is composed of hydroxyapatite
m In low oral pH (due to the acid formation when oral
bacteria acts on food debris), saliva is undersaturated
with minerals like calcium and phosphate,
hydroxyapatite dissolves as to maintain the
supersaturation of saliva
m Enamel thus undergo demineralisation and loss. This
forms dental caries
m Lowers the buffering effect of resting and stimulated
saliva of smokers. o acids produced from food
debris will have more time to dimineralize the
enamel
m Increases the number of lactobacilli and
streptococcus mutans in saliva. o more bacteria are
found on the plaque to produce acid
m All these factors contribute to dental caries
m Also called nicotinic stomatitis
m A pale or white hard palate (hyperkeratosis)
m Often combined with multiple slight raised bumps
with red dots in the centre
m With time, cracks and fissures might appear
m Frequently found in heavy smokers
m Caused by heat and chemicals from smoking
m Reversible in weeks after cessation of smoking
m Benign, but indicates heavy smoking habitǥ
m Covered by a thick coat of enlarged hyperkeratinized
filiform papillae (can be 15 times larger than normal
size)
m May be black, brown or yellow in color
m Germs can grow between projections
m Can cause a burning sensation on tongue and bad
breath
Chronic inus Infection
m Inflammation of lining tissues of sinus cavities
m ymptoms:
m pain and pressure in the face around the sinus cavities
cause by swelling
m a thick yellow or green discharge from the nose,
difficulty breathing through the nasal passages

m inusitis occurs more frequently among smokers


m ignificantly reduced when smoking is discontinued
3icotine willǥ
enters the blood circulation and diminish the proliferation of
erythrocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages
causes vasoconstriction and lowers blood supply to the
wound
Carbon monoxide willǥ
binds with hemoglobin and lowers the oxygen supply to the
wound
Xerostomia
m ymptoms:
m dry mouth
m difficulty in speech and eating

m aliva have proteins like mucin that have hydrating


and lubricating function
m moke irritates and is acidic in nature, it adversely
lower saliva production
m ymptoms:
m white patch or plaque
m cannot be scraped
m diagnosed as hyperkeratosis
m may be present on the buccal mucosa, tongue or palate

m Can be caused by smoking


m 5% to 25% of leukoplakia are premalignant lesions
m ymptoms:
m red lesion on oral mucosa
m the border may be sharp or blend into surrounding normal
mucosa
m appears on the oral or pharyngeal surfaces, such as the
floor of the mouth, the ventrum of the tongue, or the soft
palate
m being neither elevated nor depressed, they present as quiet,
unpretentious lesions

m Can be caused by smoking


m 75-90% are premalignant lesions
m ymptoms:
m white and red lesions
m associated with reverse smoking (the lighting end of
cigarette is put inside the mouth)

m Can be caused by smoking


m Has Õ  
  Õ   
 Õ   than that of a plain white or red
lesion

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