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IGCSE: (Rules For Summary Writing)

The document provides guidance on writing summaries for IGCSE exams. It notes that summaries should be between 100-120 words, contain at least 8 content points, and use the writer's own words to organize and sequence ideas cohesively. When a summary has two dimensions, it should include 4 content points from each dimension. Linking words should be used to connect similar and contrasting points, and reordering or replacing words are effective techniques for paraphrasing while maintaining the original meaning. Readers are advised to follow these guidelines to achieve high marks for both content and language.

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7K views15 pages

IGCSE: (Rules For Summary Writing)

The document provides guidance on writing summaries for IGCSE exams. It notes that summaries should be between 100-120 words, contain at least 8 content points, and use the writer's own words to organize and sequence ideas cohesively. When a summary has two dimensions, it should include 4 content points from each dimension. Linking words should be used to connect similar and contrasting points, and reordering or replacing words are effective techniques for paraphrasing while maintaining the original meaning. Readers are advised to follow these guidelines to achieve high marks for both content and language.

Uploaded by

Mical
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IGCSE:(Rules for

Summary Writing)
*General Points
*A maximum of 8 marks available for content
*Content marks will be awarded even if you lift directly from
the text.(language marks will be zero)
*To be on the safe side students are advised to find a 9th
content point and write it as well. .
*Even students who are weak in language can score full
marks in content. .(language marks will be zero)
*A minimum of 100 words and 120 words maximum.
*If less than 100 words, marks will be deducted for
language.
*If more than 120 words, marks will be deducted for
language. Anything after the 120th word will not be read.
Furthermore, any content point written after this limit will
not be counted
.Do not waste words to write a
long introduction. A summary
does not require an introduction
or a conclusion. It is better to
start the summary in conjunction
with the question.
*General Points
*Sometimes a summary has only one dimension.
*Sometimes a summary has two dimensions.

Dimension 1 Dimension 2

When a summary has two dimensions, 4 content points under


each dimension must be written. If a student writes, 6 content
points for the first and 2 for the second one, the total marks for
content will be equal to 8.
*Two Dimension
In a two dimensionalsummaries.
summary it is best
to include 4 contents points from each
dimension.
 However, sometimes students will
notice that for one dimension there are
more contents points than the other.
*Two Dimension
summaries.
*If candidates do not provide at least 4 correct
advantages and 4 correct disadvantages a maximum
of 3 marks can be awarded for language.
*Finding the content
Points
*Take a look at the text.
*Follow the method, find and label the
content points. Remember, try to find 9.
*This text is not very easy
*Language
*0 marks: no understanding of the task / no relevant content /
meaning completely obscure due to serious language inaccuracies
*1 marks: copying without discrimination from text / multiple
language inaccuracies
*2 marks: heavy reliance on language from the text with no
attempt to organise and sequence points cohesively / limited
language expression making meaning at times unclear
*3/4 marks: some reliance on language from the text, but with
an attempt to organise and sequence points cohesively /
language satisfactory, but with some inaccuracies
*5/6marks: good attempt to use own words and to organise and
sequence points cohesively / generally good control of
language
7/8 marks: good, concise summary style / very good attempt to
use own words and to organise and sequence points cohesively.
*Two methods
*There are two very simple and
effective ways of paraphrasing.
*Replace method
*Reorder method
*The Reorder Rephrase
Method
*In this method we reorder or rephrase the sentence.
Many bosses and managers are frustrated at the
amount of office time that is wasted by their staff.
*It’s safe to replace one or two words here as well.
*Frustrated – Annoyed
*Amount – Quantity
*Staff – Workforce / Employees
*We could reorder and rephrase as
* Managers feel that employees waste a great deal of
office time and are annoyed due to this.
*Does it have the same meaning?
*The Replace Method
*In the replace method, we select certain words from the
content points and we replace them with suitable synonyms.
* DO NOT REPLACE ANY TECHNICAL WORDS
*Example
Nobody can predict its impact in the years to come
Nobody ( can be replaced with - No one / not a single person)
Predict ( can be replaced with - forecast / guess / foretell /
foresee etc.)
The years to come ( can be replaced with – the future / the
years ahead etc.)
So now we have
No one can foretell its impact in the future.
Does it have the same meaning?
*Linking WORDS
* There are two types of linking words.
* Joining similar points
* Joining contrasting points.
Joining Similar Points Joining contrasting points

Furthermore, However,
Besides, In contrast,
Moreover, On the contrary,
In addition, Nevertheless,

* It is always a good idea to jot down the linking words that you
aim to use before you begin to write down the summary.
*Linking WORDS
Use linking words such as:

Firstly, First of all, Secondly, Apart from


that, which means that, not only….but
also, as a result, consequently, Finally
Use colons and semi-colons where necessary :;
REMEMBER:
 Read the question carefully.
 Summary must be written in 3rd person (rarely 2nd or 1st
person).
 Always use Present Tense except the history
summaries.
 Linking words or connectors are must to connect the
ideas as well as to score high marks in the summaries.
 Summary must contain only one paragraph even
if it’s of two dimensions.
Never use contractions as it is strictly formal.
 Never use phrasal verbs as it is feature of informal
writing.
 Never give your opinion , suggestion or view point in
the summary.

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