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Engineering Drawing Visualization

Isometric drawing projects 3D objects onto 2D planes so that all three dimensions are visible using uniformly spaced axes where all angles are equal; distances along isometric lines appear true to scale while other lines foreshorten; circles appear as ellipses and construction lines help place points before final lines are darkened.

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Aliaa Ahmed Shemari
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57 views61 pages

Engineering Drawing Visualization

Isometric drawing projects 3D objects onto 2D planes so that all three dimensions are visible using uniformly spaced axes where all angles are equal; distances along isometric lines appear true to scale while other lines foreshorten; circles appear as ellipses and construction lines help place points before final lines are darkened.

Uploaded by

Aliaa Ahmed Shemari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING DRAWING

VISUALIZATION
Axonometric
& Oblique
Projection
Axonometric Projection
Parallel & normal
to picture plane
B
A

D
Line C
of B
A
sight
D
C
Axonometric Projection
Type of axonometric drawing
Axonometric axis
a
1. Isometric All angles are equal.
b c

B
A B
a Axonometric axis
AC D
2. Dimetric b c Two angles are equal.
D

a Axonometric axis
3. Trimetric b c None of angles are
equal.
Oblique Projection

Parallel & oblique


to picture plane

A
A
Line B
of B
C
sight C
D
D
Oblique Projection
Oblique drawing angle

60o
45
o

A
30o
B

C
A B Type of Oblique drawing
D
1) Cavalier 2) Cabinet
C D
Full
scale Half
scale

45o 45o
Isometric Projection
& Isometric drawing
Isometric Projection
Rotate 45
about vertical axis

Tilt forward
(35o16’)

All edges foreshorten


about 0.8 time.
Isometric Drawing
Isometric drawing is a drawing drawn on an isometric
axes using full scale.

Isometric projection Isometric drawing


(True projection) (Full scale)

Forshorten

Full scale
Positions of Isometric Axes
Isometric axes can be arbitrarily positioned to create
different views of a single object.
Regular Reverse axis Long axis
isometric isometric isometric

View point is looking View point is looking View point is looking


down on the top of up on the bottom of from the right (or left)
the object. the object. of the object.
Distance in Isometric Drawing
True-length distances are shown along
isometric lines.
Isometric line is the line that run parallel to
any of the isometric axes.

Nonisometric lines

Isometric axes
Isometric
Sketching
Sketch from an actual object

STEPS

1. Positioning object.

2. Select isometric axis.

3. Sketch enclosing box.

4. Add details.

5. Darken visible lines.


Sketch from an actual object
STEPS
1. Positioning object.
2. Select isometric axis.
3. Sketch enclosing
box.
4. Add details.

5. Darken visible lines.

Note In isometric sketch/drawing), hidden lines are omitted


unless they are absolutely necessary to completely
describe the object.
Sketch from multiview drawing

1. Interprete the meaning of lines/areas in


multiview drawing.

2. Locate the lines or surfaces relative to isometric

axis.
Example 1 : Object has only normal surfaces

Top
H
Regular
Top View
Front
Side

W
D
Front View Side View
H

W D
Side
Reverse Front
Bottom View
Bottom
Example 2 : Object has inclined surfaces

D
Nonisometric line

y

H
y

x
x Front View
W
Example 3 : Object has inclined surfaces

C B A x

x x
B

C A

y
y

C
B A

Nonisometric line
Example 4
Regular
x

y C
E
B D F
Front View
A
B

C D Reverse
A F E
Circle & Arc in Isometric
In isometric drawing, a circle appears as an ellipse.

Sketching Steps
1. Locate the centre of an ellipse.
2. Construct an isometric square.

3. Sketch arcs that connect the


tangent points.
Circle & Arc in Isometric
Four-centre method is usually used when drawn an
isometric ellipse with drawing instrument.

Sketching Steps
1. Locate the centre of an ellipse.
2. Construct an isometric square.
3. Construct a perpendicular
bisector from each tangent point.

4. Locate the four centres.

5. Draw the arcs with these centres


and tangent to isometric square.
Example 5
Irregular Curve in Isometric
Steps
1. Construct points along the
curve in multiview drawing.

2. Locate these points in the


isometric view.

3. Sketch the connecting lines.


Oblique
Sketching
Object Orientation Guidelines
Place complex features (arc, hole, irregular shape
surface parallel to frontal plane.
Object Orientation Guidelines
The longest dimension of an object should be
parallel to the frontal plane.

GOOD GOOD

WORSE WORSE
Object Orientation Guidelines

Which orientation is better ?


Sketch from actual object

ESTIMATE DEPTH
ESTIMATE LINES

45
Sketch from multiview drawing
Sketch from multiview drawing
Sketch from multiview drawing

E
D

B
A
Sketch from multiview drawing

E
D

B
A
Sketch from multiview drawing

E
D

B
A
Sketch from multiview drawing

E
D

B
A
Oblique and Isometric
Drawings
GSMST
Cavalier Oblique

• Front view true size


• Receding Axis Angle
(Normally 30°, 45° or
60°) is Variable
• Depth dimension
(receding axis) true
size
Cabinet Oblique

• Front view true size


• Receding Axis Angle
(Normally 30°, 45° or
60°) is Variable
• Depth dimension
(receding axis) half
size
Side by Side Comparison

Cavalier Oblique Cabinet Oblique


Which is the cube ?
Were you right?
Angles in Oblique

• Angles in front view


are drawn true size
• Other angles must be
located using
coordinates
• Appearance of angles
may be distorted
Circles in Oblique

• Drawn true size in


front view
• Drawn as ellipses on
receding planes
• Layout using a
Rhombus
Cylinders in Oblique

• Front and Back


surfaces are circular
• “Sides” are drawn as
lines tangent to the
front and back
Types of Axonometrics
Orientation of Pictorial Objects
Isometrics

• Axes equally separated


(120°)
• H, W, and D
measurements are true
size along iso. axes
• Angles must be located
by coordinates
• Circles appear as ellipses
on all surfaces
Isometric Circles & Angles
Isometric Ellipses
Using the Ellipse Template
Drawing Rounded Corners
Construction of Cylinders

• Lightly block in the


cylinder
Construction of Cylinders

• Lightly block in the


cylinder
• Sketch the upper and
lower ellipses
Construction of Cylinders

• Lightly block in the


cylinder
• Sketch the upper and
lower ellipses
• Connect the ellipses
with Tangent lines
Construction of Cylinders

• Lightly block in the


cylinder
• Sketch the upper and
lower ellipses
• Connect the ellipses
with Tangent lines
• Darken the lines
Isometric Drawing Exercise
You will use two different lines to sketch
objects:
Construction lines are light lines
sketched in as you initially draw the object.

Drawing lines are dark lines which


may be used for the initial drawing or
which may be created by neatly darkening
a construction line.
Isometric Drawing Exercise

To draw an isometric
object using the box
method, perform the
following steps:

Step 1: Draw a box


around the object you
wish to draw.
Isometric Drawing Exercise
Step 2: Draw a box on your paper, in the same
proportions as the box you drew on the object, 1½ to 2
times larger than
the original box.
Proportional box

Original box
Isometric Drawing Exercise

Step 3: Look at the front


side of the object. Which Step 4: Draw the surface on
surface touches the outside your box using drawing lines.
of the box?
Isometric Drawing Exercise

Step 5: Look at the top of


the object. Which surface Step 6: Draw the surface on
touches the outside of the your box using drawing lines.
box?
Isometric Drawing Exercise

Step 7: Look at the right


hand side of the object.
Which surface touches the Step 8: Draw the surface on
outside of the box? your box using drawing lines.
Isometric Drawing Exercise

Step 9: Complete the


box by drawing in the
“third lines”. You may
wish to draw
construction lines then
neatly cover the
construction lines with
drawing lines.

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