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Unit: Acids, Bases, and Solutions

This document provides notes on calculating acidity and alkalinity using the pH and pOH scales. It defines pH as the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration and pOH as the negative log of the hydroxide ion concentration. The pH and pOH scales are related, with their sum always equaling 14 for any solution. Examples are provided of calculating pH, pOH, [H+], and [OH-] using the ion-product constant for water, which states that the product of [H+] and [OH-] is equal to 1.0x10-14. Multiple steps and equations may need to be used to solve some problems involving these relationships.

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218 views16 pages

Unit: Acids, Bases, and Solutions

This document provides notes on calculating acidity and alkalinity using the pH and pOH scales. It defines pH as the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration and pOH as the negative log of the hydroxide ion concentration. The pH and pOH scales are related, with their sum always equaling 14 for any solution. Examples are provided of calculating pH, pOH, [H+], and [OH-] using the ion-product constant for water, which states that the product of [H+] and [OH-] is equal to 1.0x10-14. Multiple steps and equations may need to be used to solve some problems involving these relationships.

Uploaded by

sana iqbal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Day

2-
Note
s
Unit: Acids, Bases,
and Solutions
Calculations with Acids and Bases
After today you will be able to…
• Explain the correlation to
strength of acids and bases to pH
and pOH scale
• Calculate pH, pOH, [H+], and
[OH-]
pH Scale
pH scale: the measure of acidity
of a solution
neutral
acidic basic
0 7 14

pH=-log[H ] +
[H+] = concentration in Molarity
Before we try an
example, you
will need to
locate the “log”
button on your
calculator.
Example:
What is the pH of a solution that
has an [H+]=1.5x10-4M?

pH=-log[1.5x10-4]
pH=3.8
Example:
To do this calculation
What is the [H +] in a solution
you will need to use
with pH=9.42?the inverse log.
Locate the “10 ”
9.42=-log[H +] x

button.
-9.42=log[H +] Usually it is
the second function
10-9.42=[H+]
of the -10
[H+]=3.80x10 log
M button.
pH Scale
pOH scale: the measure of
alkalinity (basic-ness) of a solution
neutral
basic acidic
0 7 14

pOH=-log[OH ] -
Example:
What is the pOH of a solution
that has an [OH-]=3.27x10-9M?

pOH=-log[3.27x10-9]
pOH=8.49
Since the pH and pOH scales are
opposite each other:

pH + pOH = 14
Example: What is the pH in a
solution with a pOH=8.6?
pH + 8.6 = 14
pH=5.4
Summary…
pH=-log[H ]
+

pOH=-log[OH ]-

pH + pOH = 14
Ion-Product Constant for Water
Water will self-ionize to a certain
extent into its individual ions.
Because of this, the following
relationship can be used:

[H ][OH ]=1.0x10 M
+ - -14

Kw
Example:
What is the [H+] in a solution
with [OH-] = 6.73x10-5M?

[H+][6.73x10-5]=1.0x10-14
[H+] = 1.49x10-10M
Sometimes multiple
formulas must be
used to carry out
these calculations:
Example:
What is the pOH in a solution with an [H+] = 2.17x10-5M?
pH=-log[H ] +
(Note: there are multiple ways to do this problem!)
[H+][OH-]=1.0x10-14

pOH=-log[OH ]
[2.17x10-5][OH-]=1.0x10-14
[OH-]=4.61x10-10M
-

pH +] pOH = 14
pOH=-log[OH -

pOH=-log[4.61x10 ]-10

[H ][OH
+ -
]=1.0x10
pOH=9.34
-14
Example:
What is the [OH-] in a solution with pH=8.1?
pH=-log[H ] +
(Note: there are multiple ways to do this problem!)
pH + pOH = 14

pOH=-log[OH ]
8.1 + pOH = 14
pOH = 5.9
-

pH +] pOH = 14
pOH=-log[OH -

5.9=-log[OH ]
-

[H ][OH
+ -
]=1.0x10
[OH ]=1.3x10 M
-
-14
-6
Questions?
Begin WS4

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