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Chapter 1 DE

This document provides an introduction to digital electronics. It defines analog and digital systems, noting that digital electronics represent signals by discrete levels rather than continuously. Digital systems are useful when data needs to be stored, calculated, or displayed numerically. While analog quantities are continuous, digital quantities are discrete. The document discusses advantages of digital systems like stability, noise immunity, and efficient data processing and transmission. It also notes some disadvantages like complexity for some operations and potentially lower speeds. Finally, it introduces basic digital concepts like binary representation, logic levels, ideal and practical pulse waveforms, and high-true and low-true logic levels.

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Muhammad Ridzwan Bin Bahsharudin
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87 views11 pages

Chapter 1 DE

This document provides an introduction to digital electronics. It defines analog and digital systems, noting that digital electronics represent signals by discrete levels rather than continuously. Digital systems are useful when data needs to be stored, calculated, or displayed numerically. While analog quantities are continuous, digital quantities are discrete. The document discusses advantages of digital systems like stability, noise immunity, and efficient data processing and transmission. It also notes some disadvantages like complexity for some operations and potentially lower speeds. Finally, it introduces basic digital concepts like binary representation, logic levels, ideal and practical pulse waveforms, and high-true and low-true logic levels.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ridzwan Bin Bahsharudin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

DEKE2333
CHAPTER 1
- INTRODUCTION-

Objectives
– Definition : analog system vs. digital system
– Some application of analog and digital system
– Advantages / disadvantages
– Basic of digital system representation
Introductory concept
Digital electronics represent signals by discrete bands of analog levels, rather than
by a continuous range. All levels within a band represent the same signal state.
Numerical Representations
In science & technology, we are constantly dealing with quantities. There are two ways of
representing the numerical value of quantities:
- Analog
- Digital
Analog Representation Digital Representation
•A quantity is represented by a voltage, •The quantities are represented by symbols
current or meter movement that is called digits.
proportional to the value of that quantity. •Itis discontinuous signal expressed as a burst
•It is continuous wave form that changes of ON and OFF electrical pulse.
smoothly over time.

•Example : An automobile speedometer, in


which the deflection of the needle represents •Digital quantities vary in discrete values.
the value of the automobile speed. •Example : Digital watch, computer system.

Major difference between analog and digital quantities :


analog = Continouos
digital : Discrete (step by
Why Use Digital Circuit ?
• Analog electronic systems have been more popular in the past. In Real world,
information dealing with time, speed, weight, pressure, light intensity, and position
measurements are all analog in nature.
• Figure 1.2a shows the analog system used to interpret float level in water tank.

Figure 1.2a : Analog system used to interpret float level in water tank
• If more information is required about the water level, then a digital system such
as the one shown in figure 1.2b might be used.
• It is required when data must be stored, used for calculations, or displayed as
numbers and/or letters.
Figure 1.2b : Digital System used to interpret float level in
water tank

• Figure 1.3 shows another example that is both analog and digital circuit are used
in a basic principle of a CD player. This system can’t be operating without digital
circuit because all data/music are stored in digital form on the compact disk.

Figure 1.3 : Basic principle of a CD player


Advantages vs Disadvantages

Digital System
Advantages Disadvantages

• Digital systems are generally easier to design • Real world physical quantities are analog.

•Greater stability • In some cases, more complex circuit need to


be used to do some operation that can be
•Noise immunity in storage and transmission . handled by simpler analog circuit. e.g. :
addition and multiplication operation by using
• Can be processed and transmitted op-amp.
more efficiently and reliably.
• In some cases, the operation speed is lower
• Has a great advantaged when storage than the analog circuit
is necessary. (Ex. MP3s).
• In some cases, big storage is necessary
Binary Digits, Logic Levels, Digital Waveforms
• The basis of all digital data is binary representation.
• Binary - means ‘two’
– 1, 0
– True, False
– Hot, Cold
– On, Off
TTL Input & Output Voltage Levels
Ideal form for binary pulse:
tw = pulse width
T = period of the waveform
f = frequency of the waveform = 1/T

The duty cycle of a binary waveform is defined as:

Practically form for binary pulse:

Major parts of a digital pulse:

• Base line
• Amplitude
• Rise time (tr)
• Pulse width (tw)
• Fall time (tf)
High True Button (Trigger High)
• Different ways to say that a signal is high true
o Is high if signal is TRUE, is low if signal is FALSE.
o Is high if signal is 1, is low if signal is 0.

Vdd Vdd

Low High

Resistor
1k ohm

Gnd Gnd
Low True Button (Trigger Low)
• Different ways to say that a signal is low true
o Is low if signal is TRUE, is low if signal is FALSE.
o Is low if signal is 1, is low if signal is 0.

Vdd Vdd

High Low

Gnd Gnd

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