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Renaissance Music

The document summarizes Renaissance music from 1450-1600. It describes the transition from medieval to Renaissance styles including a focus on humanism and classical influences. Major composers of the early, high, and late Renaissance are discussed including Dufay, Des Prez, Palestrina, Morley, and Weelkes. The genres of mass, motet, madrigal and instrumental forms are summarized. Renaissance instruments including woodwinds, brass, strings, percussion and keyboards are also briefly outlined.

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Hanna Angela
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119 views

Renaissance Music

The document summarizes Renaissance music from 1450-1600. It describes the transition from medieval to Renaissance styles including a focus on humanism and classical influences. Major composers of the early, high, and late Renaissance are discussed including Dufay, Des Prez, Palestrina, Morley, and Weelkes. The genres of mass, motet, madrigal and instrumental forms are summarized. Renaissance instruments including woodwinds, brass, strings, percussion and keyboards are also briefly outlined.

Uploaded by

Hanna Angela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Renaissance Music

(1450-1600)
Early and High Renaissance
(1450-1530)
• Introduction
– Definition: rebirth or revival, a restoration of
vitality after a time of decline.
– Process of Rebirth: turned from austere
medieval thought with its emphasis on
religious authoritarianism to an emphasis on
the pleasure of the senses (modeled in
classical Greece and Rome).
– Humanism: an attitude placing human dignity
and humane values foremost.
– Geographical Center: Italy (City States)

Florence: Lorenzo Medici Ferrara: Ercole Este

Milan: Ludovico Sforza


• Cultural and Historical Events
– Age of Discovery
• Christopher Columbus

Columbus’
Voyages

Columbus

• Ferdinand Magellan

Magellan Magellan’s Voyages


• Sir Francis Drake

Drake’s West
Indian Voyage

Drake
Drake

• Sir Walter Raleigh

Raleigh
– Heliocentric Universe

Copernicus Copernicus’ Universe Galilei

– Protestant Reformation

Luther’s
Martin Luther 95 Theses Huldrych Zwingli John Calvin Henry VIII
– Catholic Counter-Reformation
• a movement within the Catholic Church to reform
itself in the wake of the Protestant Reformation
• Palestrina’s compositions became the musical
model

– Monarchs

Charles V Ferdinand Phillip II Henry VIII Elizabeth I


And Isabella
– Inventions
• Printing press: Chinese, Johannes Gutenberg

Gutenberg Printing Press Gutenberg Bible

• Clear glass and mirror


• Table fork
• The Visual Arts
– Architecture
• Return to Greek and Roman models
• Movement away from Gothic pointed arches, flying
buttresses and ribbed vaulting

Bramante Brunelleschi

Bramante – St. Peter Brunelleschi’s Florence Cathedral


St. Denis - Paris St. Mark’s - Venice
– Sculpture
• Important in the early and high Renaissance
• Movement toward portraying the body as though it
were made of real muscle and bone

Donatello Michelangelo

Donatello - David Michelangelo - David


– Painting
• While Medieval artists represented their ideas as
symbols, Renaissance painters aimed for realism.
• Medieval painters gave us stereotypes;
Renaissance, individual people.
• Medieval artists organized space in succeeding
planes; Renaissance artists gave depth and
perspective.
• Leonardo da Vinci

The Last Supper Mona Lisa


Da Vinci
• Raphael

Raphael Raphael - Parnassus Raphael - Parnassus

• Michelangelo

Michelangelo Michelangelo – Creation of Adam Sistine Chapel


• Literature
– England: Edmund Spenser, William
Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe

Spencer Shakespeare Marlowe

– France: Clement Marot, Pierre de Ronsard


– Italy: commedia dell’arte
• Music in the Renaissance
– Style
• Unlike visual arts, no extant Greek and Roman
music models
• What they did know from the past was in two
areas:
– stories of music’s compelling effects (Doctrine of Ethos)
– Greek descriptions of their scales and modes
– Renaissance culture permeated with music
– Musical Genres
• Vocal: Mass, motet, madrigal, chansons, chorale,
anthem, hymn
• Instrumental: dances, ricercar, chaconne
– Musical Elements
• Melody: small ranges, “updated” chant
• Harmony: modal (early) to tonal (late), emergence
of the triad
• Rhythm: steady (metered), dance rhythms
(instrumental)
• Texture: Age of vocal polyphony; alternated
homophony and polyphony (late Renaissance)
• Timbre: vocal and instrumental
• Form: binary (dances)
• Dynamics: blocked
– Composers
• Early Renaissance: Guillaume Dufay (c.1400-1474)
– Sound Hallmark: Burgundian consonant sound (3rds, 6ths),
fauxbourdon
– Kyrie
– Gloria
– Credo
Dufay
•
• High Renaissance : Josquin des Prez (c. 1440-1521)
– Sound Hallmark: imitative polyphony; balance, purity, control
and clarity; integrity of the text and unstressed dissonance
– Ave Maria

Des Prez
Late Renaissance
(1530-1600)
• Style
– Overview of Early and High Renaissance
• Early: clear melodies, sharply defined rhythms, fauxbourdon
- use of 3rds and 6ths
• High: balance, purity, control and clarity, integrity of the text,
unstressed dissonance, imitative polyphony
– Late Renaissance
• composer reveals a desire to create an emotional response
in the listener
• composer offers a more sensuous, sonorous experience(i.e.
consonant harmonies )
• Textures increased from 3 or 4 to 5 or 6 voices
• Antiphonal choirs or instrumental groups were common
• Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525-1594)
– universally acknowledged Renaissance master
– Most of his life was in the service of the church
– first Renaissance composer whose entire work was
published as a complete edition
– Created an exemplary style of church music (counter
reformation model)
– Kyrie from Pope Marcellus Mass

Palestrina Pope Marcellus Mass


• Madrigal
– new Italian polyphonic, secular, a capella vocal genre
– late Renaissance’s entertainment music
– rapidly spread north to England, France and the Netherlands
– Madrigal texts offered unique opportunities for composers to
aptly fit the music to the text – text painting, called madrigalism
– Thomas Morley (c. 1557-1602)
• Now is the Month of Maying

– Thomas Weelkes (c. 1575-1623)


• As Vesta was from Latmos Hill Descending
• Instrumental Music
– subordinate to vocal music ; yet growing greatly
– first body of solely instrumental music originates
within the Renaissance
– instruments mostly doubled the vocal parts
– In solely instrumental music, the instruments usually
played together as families
– Instrumental Families
• String : viol family, lute
• Woodwind : transverse flute, recorder
• Double Reed : shawm (ancestor of the oboe, bassoon,
English horn); crumhorn (reed in the mouthpiece)
• Brass : cornets (trumpets), sackbutt (trombone)
• Percussion : tambour (hand drum), tamborine, finger
cymbals
• Keyboard : organ, harpsichord
String
• viol family, lute, harp

Viol Lute

Harp
Woodwind
• transverse flute, recorder, shawm, crumhorn

Flute Family Recorder Family

Crumhorn Shawm
Brass
• cornets (trumpets), sackbut (trombone),
serpent (baritone)

Cornetts

Sackbuts

Serpent
Percussion
• tambour (hand drum), tamborine, finger cymbals

Tabor and Pipe

Tambours
Keyboard
• organ, harpsichord, virginal
Table Organs

Harpsichords Virginal

Organ, Germany, 1425 Organ, Switzerland, 1435


• Giovanni Gabrieli (1555-1612)
– Served in San Marco Cathedral, Venice
– Polychoral style
– Ricercar in the 12th mode

Gabrieli

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