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OEC754 Medical Electronics

This document outlines the course content for OEC754 Medical Electronics. The course covers 5 units: (1) electrophysiology and biopotential recording, (2) biochemical and non-electrical parameter measurement, (3) assist devices, (4) physical medicine and biotelemetry, and (5) recent trends in medical instrumentation. Key topics include sources of biomedical signals, bioelectric phenomena at the cellular level, volume conductor fields, electrocardiography, electromyography, and medical devices like pacemakers, defibrillators, and ventilators.

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Rubini Ravichandran
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2K views18 pages

OEC754 Medical Electronics

This document outlines the course content for OEC754 Medical Electronics. The course covers 5 units: (1) electrophysiology and biopotential recording, (2) biochemical and non-electrical parameter measurement, (3) assist devices, (4) physical medicine and biotelemetry, and (5) recent trends in medical instrumentation. Key topics include sources of biomedical signals, bioelectric phenomena at the cellular level, volume conductor fields, electrocardiography, electromyography, and medical devices like pacemakers, defibrillators, and ventilators.

Uploaded by

Rubini Ravichandran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OEC754 Medical Electronics

Ms.P.RUBINI

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT

OF ECE
UNIT I
ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY AND BIO-POTENTIAL RECORDING

•SOURCES OF BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS

•BIOPOTENTIAL , BIO POTENTIAL ELECTRODES

•BIOLOGICAL AMPLIFIERS

•ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY(ECG)

•ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY(EEG)

•ELECTROMYOGRAPHY(EMG)

•PHONOCARDIOGRAM(PCG)

•TYPICAL WAVEFORMS AND SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS


UNIT II
BIO-CHEMICAL AND NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENT

•PH

•PO2

•PCO2

•COLORIMETER

•PHOTOMETER

•AUTOANALYZER

•BLOOD FLOW METER


UNIT II
• CARDIAC OUTPUT

• RESPIRATORY MEASUREMENT

• BLOOD PRESSURE

• TEMPERATURE

• PULSE MEASUREMENT

• BLOOD CELL COUNTERS


UNIT III
ASSIST DEVICES

• CARDIAC PACEMAKERS
• DC DEFIBRILLATOR

• DIALYSER,
• VENTILATORS,

• MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SYSTEMS,


• ULTRASONIC IMAGING SYSTEMS.
UNIT IV
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND BIOTELEMETRY

• DIATHERMIES

• SHORTWAVE

• ULTRASONIC AND MICROWAVE TYPE AND THEIR


APPLICATIONS
• SURGICAL DIATHERMY

• BIOTELEMETRY
UNIT V
RECENT TRENDS IN MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

• Telemedicine
• Insulin Pumps
• Radio pill
• Endomicroscopy
• Brain machine interface
• Lab on a chip
UNIT I
ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY AND BIO-POTENTIAL RECORDING

THE ORIGIN OF BIO-POTENTIALS:

 Bioelectric phenomenon is of immense importance to biomedical

engineers because these potentials are routinely recorded in modern


clinical practice.

 ECG(Electrocardiogram) , EMG (Electromyogram), EEG


(Electroencephalogram), ENG (Electroneurogram), EOG
(Electro-oculogram), ERG (Electroretinogram), etc. are some
examples of biopotentials.
THE ORIGIN OF BIO-POTENTIALS:

 As engineers, we should have a good


physical insight into the nature of
electromagnetic fields generated by
bioelectric sources. Therefore we could
contribute to quantitative solution of
biological problems.
To understand the origin of biopotentials we need to focus on:

 Bioelectric phenomena at the cellular level

 Volume conductor fields of simple bioelectric sources

 Volume conductor fields of complex bioelectric sources

 Volume conductor fields as a necessary link between


cellular activity and gross externally recorded biological
signals
ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF EXCITABLE CELLS

 Biopotentials are produced as a result of electrochemical activity of excitable


cells: i.e., nervous, muscular (cardiac and smooth) and glandular cells

Factors influencing the flow of ions across the cell membrane


 Diffusion gradients
 Inwardly directed electric field (inside negative, outside positive)
 Membrane structure (availability of pores; K+, Na+and permeability of
membrane to different ions)
 Active transport of ions across membrane against established electrochemical
gradients
 When appropriately stimulated, they generate an action potential (flow of ions
across the cell membrane and generation of a propagating wave of
depolarization along the membrane)
BIOELECTRIC PHENOMENA AT THE
CELLULAR LEVEL
Recording of action potential
Waveforms of intracellular action potential
A very important topic in electrophysiology is the relationship
between intracellular and extracellular potentials, especially in
nerve or muscle fibres .
Waveforms of Extracellular action potential
•The relation between extracellular potentials
(A-E), transmembrane potential Vm(part F)
and the second derivative of Vm(part G).
Note:

•The relationship between trans membrane (action


potential) Vm (monophasic) and volume conductor
(extracellular field) potential d2Vm/dt2(triphasic).
Students interested in the biophysics of this topic
should refer to: Bioelectic Phenomena by Robert
Plonsey
Volume conductor fields of simple bioelectric sources
•Trans membrane (Et= Vm) and extracellular action
potentials (Ex) obtained from different excitable
tissues.

Note the monophasic and triphasic shapes.


a.Frog semitendinous muscle

b.Toad sartorius muscle

c.Rabbit atrium

d .Squid giant axon.

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