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Me 314 1-1 Introduction

This document outlines the objectives and coverage of a thermodynamics course. The course will cover key concepts like closed and open systems, state functions, path functions, and the first and second laws of thermodynamics. It will analyze engineering problems involving topics like pure substances, gas cycles, and real gases over 13 weeks. The document provides definitions of important thermodynamic terms and concepts to understand energy transfer and conversions within systems.

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525 views33 pages

Me 314 1-1 Introduction

This document outlines the objectives and coverage of a thermodynamics course. The course will cover key concepts like closed and open systems, state functions, path functions, and the first and second laws of thermodynamics. It will analyze engineering problems involving topics like pure substances, gas cycles, and real gases over 13 weeks. The document provides definitions of important thermodynamic terms and concepts to understand energy transfer and conversions within systems.

Uploaded by

mizpah mae jolito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME 314

THERMODYNAMICS 1
ENGR. DENNIS G. QUIVIS
OBJECTIVES:

• To know the terms, principles, theories, and


computational methodologies used in engineering
thermodynamics.

• To analyze and solve engineering-related thermodynamics


problems.

• To interpret the solutions/answers with the use of the


knowledge of thermodynamics.
COVERAGE

• COVERAGE
• WEEK 1 – 2 : Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts and Principles
• WEEK 3 : Energy
• WEEK 4 : Pure Substance
• WEEK 5 : Liquid – Vapor Table, Charts, Diagrams
• WEEK 6 : First Law of Thermodynamics
• MTE
• WEEK 8 : Second Law of Thermodynamics
• WEEK 9 : Ideal Gas
• WEEK 10 – 11 : Processes of Fluids
• WEEK 12 : Gas Cycles and Vapor Cycles
• WEEK 13 : Real Gases
• FTE
0. INTRODUCTION

THERMODYNAMICS
the science that deals with the concept of energy, the laws governing
conversion of one form of energy into another, and the various media
employed to effect the transformation

THERMODYNAMICS
the branch of physical science which deals primarily with heat and work
and the conversion of one into another.
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM (SYSTEM)
anything (a quantity of matter or a region in space) chosen for study.

SURROUNDINGS BOUNDARY
SYSTEM (CONTROL SURFACE)

THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM is of the same purpose like that of the


FREE BODY DIAGRAM in Mechanics…..
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
TYPES OF BOUNDARY:

• FIXED BOUNDARY

• MOVING BOUNDARY

• DEFORMABLE BOUNDARY
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
TYPES OF SYSTEM:

• CLOSED SYSTEM (CONTROL MASS)


special case: ISOLATED SYSTEM

• OPEN SYSTEM (CONTROL VOLUME)


I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
EXAMPLE:

A wind turbine–electric generator is mounted atop a tower. As wind


blows steadily across the turbine blades, electricity is generated. The
electrical output of the generator is fed to a storage battery.

(a) Considering only the wind turbine–electric generator as the system,


identify locations on the system boundary where the system interacts
with the surroundings. Describe changes occurring within the system
with time.

(b) Repeat for a system that includes only the storage battery.
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
ANALYSIS:
(a) Describe changes occurring
within the system with time.
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
ANALYSIS:
(a) Describe changes occurring
within the system with time.

The system of part (a) involves the


conversion of kinetic energy to
electricity.
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
ANALYSIS:
(b) Repeat for a system that includes
only the storage battery.

The system of part (b) involves


energy storage within the battery.
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
DESCRIBING THE SYSTEM AND ITS BEHAVIOR:

• MACROSCOPIC POINT OF VIEW (APPROACH)

• MICROSCOPIC POINT OF VIEW (APPROACH)


I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES:
Thermodynamic Property – a measurable attribute of
the system

BOUNDARY
SYSTEM (CONTROL SURFACE)
SURROUNDINGS
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles

WORKING SUBSTANCE – a fluid that stores, carries, and


transfers energy

BOUNDARY
SYSTEM (CONTROL SURFACE)
SURROUNDINGS
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
The PROPERTIES of the working substance describe the
STATE (condition) of the system.
(pressure, temperature, specific volume, density,…)

BOUNDARY
SYSTEM (CONTROL SURFACE)
SURROUNDINGS
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
• A property is a quantity that describes the
macroscopic characteristic of a system (e.g. mass,
volume, energy, pressure, and temperature ) to which
a numerical value can be assigned at a given time
without knowledge of the previous behavior (history)
of the system.
BOUNDARY
SYSTEM (CONTROL SURFACE)
SURROUNDINGS
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
TYPES OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES:

• EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
• INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
• SPECIFIC PROPERTIES
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
EXAMPLE:

A 0.1246-m3 system contains 4.535 kg of


water vapor at 9.653 MPaa, 671 K. List the
numerical value and unit of three intensive
properties, one extensive property, and one
specific property.
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
THERMODYNAMIC STATE, PROCESS, AND CYCLE:

STATE – condition of
the system SYSTEM

STATE 1: p1,v1,t1

(Properties)
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
THERMODYNAMIC STATE, PROCESS, AND CYCLE:
PROCESS – change of state

SYSTEM SYSTEM

STATE 1: p1,v1,t1 STATE 2: p2,v2,t2


I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
STATE 4: p4,v4,t4 STATE 3: p3,v3,t3

SYSTEM SYSTEM

CYCLE:

SYSTEM SYSTEM

STATE 1: p1,v1,t1 STATE 2: p2,v2,t2


I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
At a given state each property has a definite value that can be
assigned without knowledge of how the system arrived at that
state.

Therefore, the change in value of a property as the system is


altered from one state to another is determined solely by the
two end states and is independent of the particular way the
change of state occurred.

That is, the change is independent of the details of the process.


I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles
Conversely, if the value of a quantity is independent of the process
between two states, then that quantity is the change in a property. This
provides a test for determining whether a quantity is a property:

A quantity is a property if its change in value between two states is


independent of the process.

It follows that if the value of a particular quantity depends on the


details of the process, and not solely on the end states, that quantity
cannot be a property.
I. Definition of Terms, Basic Concepts, and Principles

Therefore, a quantity can either be…

a STATE FUNCTION or a PROCESS FUNCTION

Process Function or Path Function or Process Quantity -


describes quantitatively the transition between
equilibrium states of a thermodynamic system.
Ex. Mechanical Work and Heat

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