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Integration Application-1: by JK Gondwe

The document provides a lecture on using integration to find the area between a curve and straight line. It discusses sketching graphs, determining intersection points, and using the formula for area under a curve. Examples are provided for finding the area under curves above and below the x-axis, between two curves, and when the curve crosses the x-axis, which can result in both positive and negative areas. Practice problems are given to reinforce these concepts.

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Elisha Manishimwe
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84 views21 pages

Integration Application-1: by JK Gondwe

The document provides a lecture on using integration to find the area between a curve and straight line. It discusses sketching graphs, determining intersection points, and using the formula for area under a curve. Examples are provided for finding the area under curves above and below the x-axis, between two curves, and when the curve crosses the x-axis, which can result in both positive and negative areas. Practice problems are given to reinforce these concepts.

Uploaded by

Elisha Manishimwe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

INTEGRATION

APPLICATION-1
Lecture
by
JK Gondwe

09/09/20 1
LECTURE OBJECTIVES

Use integration to find area of a region


bounded by a curve and a straight line

09/09/20 2
AREA UNDER A CURVE
• It is important to sketch the graphs before you
attempt the question

• In general, to find the area between two functions


y  f(x) and g(x) such that y  f(x)  g(x) and
bouded by the lines parallel to the y - axis, x  a and x  b
such b  a
Area    f(x)  g(x) dx
b

a
09/09/20 3
A curve above the x-axis

y  f (x)

a b
b
Area   f ( x)dx
a

09/09/20 4
A curve below the x-axis

a b

b y  f (x)
Area  
a
f ( x)dx
09/09/20 5
A curve and a straight

Determine the area of the region bounded by


 
y  2 x 2  10  and y  4 x  16 .

09/09/20 6
Cont’d
- Make a sketch of the functions

- Since intersection points cannot be


easily identified, determine them
by equating the two equations
2 x 2  10  4 x  16
i.e. points of intersection are at x  1 and x  3
09/09/20 7
Cont’d
y  4 x  16

y  2 x 2  10

-1 3

09/09/20 8
Area under a curve
Area    upper function    lower function  dx
b

   4 x  16    2 x 2  10  dx
3

-1
3
   2 x 2  4 x  6 dx
-1
3
 2 3 
 - x  2 x  6 x 
2

 3  1
64

3
09/09/20 9
Exercise
Determine the area of the region
 
bounded by y  2 x  10  and
2

y  4 x  16 from x  -2 to x  5.

09/09/20 10
Sketch

09/09/20 11
Solution
142
3

09/09/20 12
Negative Areas

Find the area enclosed by the


curve y  4 x and the x - axis bounded by the
3

line x  -2 and x  2

09/09/20 13
Sketch of the curve

-2
2

2
4 2
Area   4 x  x
3
2 2

09/09/20  0 ???? 14
Area under A

B
-2

A 2

0
4 0
Area   4 x  x3
 16 (negative area)
2 2

Note : the length of the strip in A was taken


09/09/20 as y which is negative for that part of the curve 15
Area under A

0
4 0
Area   4 x  x
3
 16 (negative area)
2 2

The minus sign only refers to the relative


09/09/20
position to the x - axis, the actual area is 16
16
Area under B

2
4 2
Area   4 x  x3
 16 (positive area)
0 0

Note : the length of the strip in B was taken


09/09/20
as y which is positive for that part of the curve
17
Cont’d
The area bounded by y  4 x is 3

2 0
 4x   4 x  32
3 3
0 2

Note : It' s impotant to sketch the curve and


care must be taken for curves that cross the
x - axis between the boundary values.
09/09/20 18
Exercise

Find the area enclosed between the curve


y  x x  1 x  2 and the x - axis

09/09/20 19
Cont’d

.Sketch the graph of the function


.Note where it cuts the x - axis

09/09/20 20
solution

1
2

09/09/20 21

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