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Gear Basic Technology 8

Gears are wheels with toothed edges that engage to transmit energy between shafts and change speed or direction. There are several types including internal, external, bevel, and rack and pinion gears. Gears operate using principles where more teeth means lower speed but greater effort, and fewer teeth means higher speed but less effort. The ratio of two meshing gears is calculated based on their number of teeth. Lubricants are used to reduce noise, wear, and heat in gear systems. Gears are useful for transmitting power between shafts, changing speeds or direction, and providing positive drive.

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Valentine Nwankwo
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4K views13 pages

Gear Basic Technology 8

Gears are wheels with toothed edges that engage to transmit energy between shafts and change speed or direction. There are several types including internal, external, bevel, and rack and pinion gears. Gears operate using principles where more teeth means lower speed but greater effort, and fewer teeth means higher speed but less effort. The ratio of two meshing gears is calculated based on their number of teeth. Lubricants are used to reduce noise, wear, and heat in gear systems. Gears are useful for transmitting power between shafts, changing speeds or direction, and providing positive drive.

Uploaded by

Valentine Nwankwo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC TECHNOLOGY: BASIC 8

GEAR
A gear is a metallic wheel fixed in a machines to
make different parts move at different speeds
or directions to transmit energy from one
shaft to another. Gears have toothed edges
that help them to engage or meshed with one
another.
They also operate like belts and chains. When
two gears wheel are fitted, engaged or
meshed one wheel turn one way while the
other turns the other way, that is to say in the
opposite direction.
The following are various classes of gear
• Internal gear
• External gear
• Bevel gear
• Rack and pinion gear
Internal gear: the two gears mesh internally. The
larger is called an annular and the smaller one is
called a pinion.

External gear: the two gears mesh externally. The


larger gear is called a spur gear and the smaller gear
is called a pinion
Bevel gear: these can be used to change the direction
of drive in a gear system by 90 degrees.

Rack and pinion gear: the pinion is the normal round


gear and the rack is straight or flat.
Various Types of Gears
Principles of operation of a gear system
The principles of operation of a gear system are as
follow:
Greater effort is required to move gears with many teeth
(low gear) while less effort is required to move gears
with fewer number of teeth (high gear)
To climb a hill, low gear with many teeth e.g gear one (1)
is selected while to go down a hill or to descend a hill,
high gear with fewer teeth e.g gear 2 or 3 is selected
To move in a slow speed, a low gear e.g, gear 1 which has
many teeth is selected while to move in a fast speed,
high gears e.g gear 2 or 3, 4… is selected
High gears have smaller diameter than low gear.
Gear speed and ratio
When two gears meshed with one another, one
usually drives the other. Hence, one is called
the driving gear while the other is called the
driven gear. If the driving gear has fewer teeth
than the driven gear, the driven gear will turn
more slowing than the smaller gear driving it.
To put it in another way, if gear A has 40 teeth
and gear B has 20 teeth, the smaller gear B
will twice to every one rotation of the bigger
wheel B. therefore, the ratio of gear A to B is
said to be 2:1 (i.e 40/20) = 40:20 = 2:1
Recall that; r = Na/Nb

• Example: a gear has 40 teeth. Its speed of rotation is


10 rpm. The gear drives another gear with 20 teeth.
Determine the speed of rotation of the 20-tooth
gear
Solution: 40 teeth × 10 rpm = 20 teeth × ? rpm
? rpm = 40 teeth × 10 rpm/20 teeth = 20 rpm
Purposes of Lubricants in Gear System
The purpose of lubricating gear systems is to:
1. Reduce noise
2. Clean the inside of the gear by removing
contaminants such as dirt
3. Protect the gears against wear and corrosion
4. Reduce friction between the moving parts
5. Reduce the heat generated in gear systems
Advantages of Gear
• Use very little space
• Can transmit large power
• Are suitable for high speed
• Provide positive drive without slippage
• Have high efficiency
Disadvantages of Gear
• Could become noisy when not lubricated
• Would damaged quickly if misaligned
• Costly to produced and maintain
Uses of Gear
1. To transmit power from one rotating shaft
to another
2. To change speeds
3. To change the direction of rotation in
automobiles, bicycles, motorcycle, clocks etc
Quiz
A 10 teeth driver gear (gear A) propels or drives an 18
tooth gear (gear B) and another gear (gear C with
12 teeth drives (gear A) with 10 teeth. Calculate the
gear ratio
Solution
Gear ratio = Driven gear/Driver gear × Driven/Driver
gear =18/10 × 10/12 ……………..
Gear ratio =1.5:1

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