सार्वजनिक बांधकाम विभाग

महाराष्ट्र शासन

OVERVIEW OF INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE

AND REABILITATIONS OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES .

Date : 18March 2017

18th March 2017 Bhonge ss 6

 Landmark Bridges

in Maharashtra

18th March 2017 Bhonge ss 7

 Bridge across Tapi river Jalgaon

18th March 2017 Bhonge ss 8

18th March 2017 Bhonge ss 9
 Bridge accros Koyna river

18th March 2017 Bhonge ss 10

18th March 2017 Bhonge ss 11
 Bridge across Wainganga river, Pauni Bhandara
Tumsar Rd. Near Pauni

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 BASSEIN CREEK BRIDGE

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 Thane Creek Bridge

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TARKARLI BRIDGE
BHATYE CREEK BRIDGE
 BRIDGE ACROSS WAINGANGA RIVER, PAUNI BHANDARA TUMSAR
RD. NEAR PAUNI
Length of bridge :
NEW THANE CREEK BRIDGE 2
PLATE GIRDER LAUNCHING AT VAITARNA BRIDGE

21
ARCH BRIDGE AT VISHALGAD DISTRICT KOLHAPUR

22
23
24
25
 ANTI CORROSIVE TREATMENT

•  
• Due to saline atmosphere, steel gets corroded due to electro-
chemical action. Not only the reinforcing steel but also the
standards/wires used for prestressing gets corroded. The
concrete as well as steel need to be provided with some anti-
corrosive treatment. The bridges lying in coastal area are most
affected by corrosion. At places the atmosphere may itself be
corrosive due to heavy chemical industrialization. The
anticorrosive treatment is required to be applied to concrete
and reinforcement steel in case of saline and severe exposure
conditions.
 
 ANTI CORROSIVE TREATMENT: REINFORCEMENT

• Anticorrosive treatment to reinforcing steel

shall be CPCC (Cement Polymer Composite
Coating) developed by Karaikudi
• FBEC (Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating)
• CRS steel by SAIL or Tata
• Recently galvanization to reinforcing bars is also
considered as an alternative anticorrosive treatment
 ANTI CORROSIVE TREATMENT: REINFORCEMENT

• Corrosion inhibiting concrete admixture.

• Anti carbonation paint to concrete surface

Allows H2O in the body of concrete to pass.
water from atmosphere is repelled
CL2 resistant
Crack bridgeing capacity
UV resistant
NEED FOR SUBMERSIBLE BRIDGES

• Construction of high level all-weather bridges on roads

of lesser importance would cost millions of
• The over all length of a submersible bridge and height
of its piers is significantly less when compared to a high
level bridge.
• These bridges, therefore , cost considerably less when
compared to corresponding high level. The approaches
of the submersible bridge can be kept at natural bank
level without extra cost of high embankment.
NEED FOR SUBMERSIBLE BRIDGES
• The concept of OFL may be used for deciding the
design flood level for submersible bridges. OFL is
the flood level that occurs in the stream in normal
monsoon. OFL generally tallies with 30 percent
Inglis discharge in Maharashtra State. Though OFL
is considered as design flood level, it is useful only
for deciding the road top level and length of the
bridge. Design calculations (hydraulic or
structural) are, however, based on HFL.
 General Arrangement Drawing

 General Arrangement Drawing is a basic

detailing of bridge proposal .
 It shows locations and levels of piers and
abutments and spanning arrangements.
 Dimensions of
Piers/Abutments/Superstructure.
 Typical cross-sections of various components.
 Material and specification Tables.
 Geological investigations and bore logs.
 Technical note about the project.
 Fundamental document for any bridge project
for design, estimation and tendering.
Examples of typical
G. A. D. Prepared in
Designs Circle.
 

        
         

MATERIAL TABLE

        

          

 Thumb Rules to be remembered for bridge
proposal:
• Span to Height ratio: 1.5 to 2
• Span to Height ratio for raft : 1.25

• Depth of Super structure

• Solid slab: as per type plan
• I Girder/T beam: L/12 to L/15
• RCC box girder: L/12 to L/15
• PSC box girder: L/17 to L/20
 SPANNING ARRANGEMENT OF BRIDGE

 Design H.F.L.
 Linear Waterway
 Bore Data Study and Scour Depth Calculations to fix
founding RL’s
 Spanning arrangement, necessity of obligatory spans
because of field constrains.
 Fixing of R.T.L
 Tentative Sizes of Piers and Abutments
 Calculations of Percentage Obstruction
 Calculations of Afflux
 Aesthetics should also be given due weightage
 Loads and Forces
 Dead Load
 Live Load
 Wind load
 Horizontal Forces Due To Water Current
 Longitudinal Forces
 Centrifugal Forces
 Buoyancy
 Earth Pressure
 Temperature
 Erection Stresses and Construction Loads
 Seismic Force
 Ship /Barge Impact
 Snow Load
 Types of Foundation & Affecting Factors

 Factors  Types
 Depth of Founding Strata  Shallow Foundation
 Safe Bearing Capacity of Strata 1) Open Foundation
Available 2) Raft Foundation
 Scour Depth
 Span to Height Ratio
 Deep Foundation
 Standing water
1) Pile foundation
2) Well Foundation
 Types of Pier & Affecting Factors

 Factors  Types
 Required Height of pier  P.C.C
 Span length Wall type
 Magnitude of loads and
forces to be transmitted
 R.C.C
 Skew crossing
1) Circular
 Floating debris
2) Wall type
 Exposure condition
3) Plate type
4) Hallow circular
 Pier Section
Vehicle Loading Vehicle Loading (Live Loads)
Longitudinal Force
RTL
Super Structure Span 1 Super Structure Span
Soffit Level 2
Bearing forces
Pier Cap

Longitudinal section
C/S of Bridge Wind force
P of Bridge
i Barage impact
Water current force HFL e
r

Flow of river
OFL

Buoyancy
DL

Open Footing
 Abutment Section
Vehicle Loading Vehicle Loading (Live Loads)

RTL
Super Structure
Soffit Level
Longitudinal Force
Abutment Cap

Longitudinal section
C/S of Bridge
of Bridge
Water current force HFL
Earth Backfilling

Flow of river Abutment

Active Earth Pressure
Abutment

DL

Open Footing
 Live load: (Clause No. 207 of IRC:6-2000)
 Single lane - Class A
 Two Lane - 70R (or) 2 Class A
 Three Lane - 70R + Class A (or) 3 Class A

 Earth Pressure:(Clause No. 217 of IRC:6-2000)

 EP should be calculated in accordance with Coulombs Theory.

 Following some soil properties are important for EP calculations,

a) Dry density of soil
b) Saturated density
c) Angle of internal friction
d) Cohesion C
 Seismic Forces: (Clause no. 222 of IRC-6-
2000)
 Zone II & III need not be designed for spans < 15 m
and Total length of bridge < 60 m.

 Seismic force due to LL considered acting in transverse

direction only.

 Parts of structure embedded in soil shall not be

considered to produce any seismic effect
 Overturning moments: (Due to horizontal forces and moments)
 Earth pressure
 Breaking forces
 Bearing forces
 Seismic forces
 Water current force
 Wind force
 Dead load/Live load eccentricity
 Restoring moments: (Due to Vertical forces and moments)
 Dead load
 Live load
 Weight of abutment and earth fill
 Vertical component of active earth pressure
 Water column weight
 Weight of earth fill below scour level
 Stability calculations:
FOS against overturning = Stabilising moments
Overturning moments

FOS against sliding = Frictional force

Sliding force
SELECTION OF TYPE OF
FOUNDATION
RAFT FOUNDATION
 RAFT FOUNDATION
 Suitable when we come across sandy beds
 B c soil
 Rock below 6 to 10 m
 Open foundation not feasible/economical
 Depth of scour 2 t0 3 m
 Suitable where rock strata not available at shallow depths
 Low height of substructure makes structure less vulnerable
against seismic forces.
 Used in Maharashtra but not common in other parts of country
RAFT FOUNDATION
 RAFT FOUNDATION
• Analysis
 As a beams on elastic foundation

• Raft foundation not recommended:

 Span> 10m
 Inspectability is problem
 Heavy dewatering
 Open foundation is feasible
 PILE FOUNDATIONS FOR BRIDGES
 End bearing piles resting on hard rock.
 Cast in situ piles are used in piles for bridge
foundation and flyover.
• M.S.Liner upto rock.
• Good configuration for large moments.
• Socketing in rock; friction pile not used .
• At every pier location trial bores to be extended
below the tip of for 3m to 6m in rock.
 PILE CAPACITY TO BE CONFIRMED.
 INITIAL LOAD TEST IN NON-WORKING AREA ( 2 in number)
* 2.5 times the design load.
* One test per diameter.
 Final test on actual piles,
 Routine test @ 2 percent or not less than 2 in Number
1.5 times design load.
 Pile load test as per is 2911 (part iv)
 PILE FOUNDATION
SPECIFICATIONS

Morth specification no.1107 exhaustive features given:

•Casing is recommended where piles built in water.
•Shaft shall be cleaned of all loose material
•Cover to be given by spacers
•Trimie method shall be used for under water concreting
•Continous operation shall be done
•Concrete with high slump but restricted water cement ratio
•Trimie pipe shall be in concrete continuously>
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