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Introduction To Sociology: The Sociological Point of View

Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior. It examines how people interact and influence each other's decisions in groups. Early sociologists in the 1800s sought to understand social changes from industrialization through scientific observation. Today, sociologists use functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives to study society.

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40 views10 pages

Introduction To Sociology: The Sociological Point of View

Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior. It examines how people interact and influence each other's decisions in groups. Early sociologists in the 1800s sought to understand social changes from industrialization through scientific observation. Today, sociologists use functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives to study society.

Uploaded by

Michaelus1
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to

Sociology
The Sociological Point of View
What is Sociology?
 Sociology is a social science that studies human society
and behavior.
 Sociologists are mainly interested in social interactions –
how people relate to one another and how they
influence each others decisions.
 Sociologists focus on the group, rather than the
individual.
 Sociologists examine social phenomena or observable
facts or events involving human interaction to make
predictions about future trends and behaviors.
Why Study Sociology?
 Sociology can give you a new perspective on yourself and the world
around you.
 Its called the sociological perspective.

 By adopting the sociological perspective you can look beyond commonly


held beliefs to determine hidden meanings behind human actions.
 The sociological perspective helps us understand that peoples behavior is
influenced by social factors and learned behaviors from those around us.
 The sociological perspective can help us view the world through the eyes
of others.
 By developing this perspective we can begin to use the sociological
imagination; the ability to see a connection between the larger world and
one’s personal life.
Social Sciences
 Social Sciences are the related disciplines (fields) that
study various aspects of human social behavior.
 The other social sciences include: history, anthropology,
psychology, economics and political science.
 Anthropology: the study of past and present cultures.
It’s the most similar to sociology. Anthropologists
focus / concentrate on the past cultures and present
simple cultures or less advanced societies.
 While sociologists are more interested in group behavior
in complex more advanced societies.
Social Sciences
 Psychology: deals with the behavior and thinking of organisms.
Psychology focuses more on individual behavior. While sociology is
focused on group behavior.
 Economics: is the study of the choices people make in an effort to
satisfy their needs and wants. Economists focus on the process in
which goods and services are produced, distributed and consumed.
 Political Science: is the examination of the organization and operation
of governments. Some areas of political science and sociology
overlap, such as the formation of political parties and with voting
patterns.
 History: is the study of past events. Sociologists are also interested in
the past. Like many social historians, sociologists study past events in
an effort to explain current social behaviors and attitudes.
Other Social Sciences
 Despite the different focus’ of the fields they are all
related in terms of their study of human beings and
their interactions; whether past or present.
 Many sociologists now borrow freely from the
various social sciences in an effort to better
understand the social forces that help shape our
lives.
How did Sociology
Develop?
 Throughout history scholars have always been interested in the
social life and interactions of people.
 Despite this Sociology did not develop as a field of study until the
1800’s.
 Several factors led to its development:

 1. The rapid political and social changes that took place in Europe
as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
 2. The rapid growth of cities and their problems as a result of
Industrial Revolution.
 3. The questioning of traditional beliefs. People across Europe
began to question traditional roles and expectations.
Who were the early
Sociologists?
 Sociology took root in the 1800’s primarily in England,
France, and Germany. These countries were the most
affected by the Industrial Revolution.
 Like today, the early sociologists believed that through the
collection of data, observations and scientific research you
could predict future social trends and behaviors to improve
society.
 The early European leaders included; Auguste Comte,
Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber.
 Some of the early leaders of sociology in the United States
included W.E.B. Dubois and Jane Addams.
Sociological Perspectives
 Today there are three approaches to the study of
sociology.
 1. The Functionalist Perspective: They view society as a
set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a
stable environment. ( Comte, Spencer, Durkheim)
 2. Conflict Perspective: They focus on the forces in society
that promote competition and change. ( Karl Marx)
 3. Interactionist Perspective: They focus on how
individuals interact with each other and there outcomes.
Sociological Perspectives
 The interactionists also focus on the role that symbols
play in our daily lives.
 A symbol is anything that represents something else.

 In order for something to be a symbol, everyone in a


society must agree on what it means/stands for.
 Examples of symbols: American flag, Bald Eagle, Uncle
Sam are all symbols of America.
 Interactionists also focus on how people use symbols
when they interact. Its called Symbolic Interaction.

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