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Lec 9 (Basic Electronics)

This document discusses diode models and approximations. It describes three diode models: 1) the ideal diode model which treats a diode as an open or closed switch, 2) the practical diode model which includes a 0.7V forward voltage drop, and 3) the complete diode model which also includes small forward and large reverse resistances. The forward bias characteristics and reverse bias characteristics are explained for each model.

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Farwa Jaffri
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47 views15 pages

Lec 9 (Basic Electronics)

This document discusses diode models and approximations. It describes three diode models: 1) the ideal diode model which treats a diode as an open or closed switch, 2) the practical diode model which includes a 0.7V forward voltage drop, and 3) the complete diode model which also includes small forward and large reverse resistances. The forward bias characteristics and reverse bias characteristics are explained for each model.

Uploaded by

Farwa Jaffri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC ELECTRONICS

Chap # 2
Diode

Engr. Farwa Batool


DIODE MODELS
• Forward-Bias:

• Forward current (IF) is from cathode to anode.


• The forward voltage drop (VF) is due to the barrier potential.
DIODE MODELS
• Reverse-Bias:

• A resistor is not necessary in reverse bias.


• The reverse current is small and can be considered to be zero.
• The entire bias voltage (VBIAS) appears across the diode.
Diode Approximations
1. The Ideal Diode Model:
• The ideal model of a diode is the least accurate approximation and
can be represented by a simple switch.
• When the diode is forward-biased, it ideally acts like a closed (on)
switch.
• When the diode is reverse-biased, it acts like a open (off) switch.
Diode Approximations
1. The Ideal Diode Model:

• The barrier potential, the forward dynamic resistance, and the


reverse current are all neglected in this model.
Diode Approximations
1. The Ideal Diode Model:
• Since the barrier potential and the forward dynamic resistance are
neglected, the diode is assumed to have a zero voltage across it
when forward-biased.

VF = 0 V
Diode Approximations
1. The Ideal Diode Model:
• The forward current is determined by the bias voltage and the
limiting resistor using Ohm’s law.

• Since the reverse current is neglected, its value is assumed to be


zero.

• The reverse voltage equals the bias voltage.


Diode Approximations
1. The Practical Diode Model:
• The practical model includes the barrier potential.
• When the diode is forward-biased, it is equivalent to a closed
switch in series with a small equivalent voltage source (VF) equal to
the barrier potential (0.7 V).
• When the diode is reverse-biased, it is equivalent to an open
switch just as in the ideal model.
Diode Approximations
2. The Practical Diode Model:
• V-I characteristics:
• In this model the
the barrier potential
is included and the
dynamic resistance
is neglected.
Diode Approximations
• The Practical Diode Model:
• The diode is assumed to have a voltage across it when forward-
biased.
VF = 0.7 V
• The forward current is determined by first applying Kirchhoff’s
voltage law:

• Substituting and solving for IF ,


Diode Approximations
3. The Complete Diode Model:

• The complete model of a diode is the most accurate approximation.


• It includes the barrier potential, the small forward dynamic
resistance (r’d) and the large internal reverse resistance (r’R).
• The reverse resistance is taken into account because it provides a
path for the reverse current, which is included in this diode model.
• When the diode is forward-biased, it acts as a closed switch in
series with the equivalent barrier potential voltage (VB) and the
small forward dynamic resistance.
• When the diode is reverse-biased, it acts as an open switch in
parallel with the large internal reverse resistance.
• The barrier potential does not affect reverse bias.
Diode Approximations
3. The Complete Diode Model:
Diode Approximations
3. The Complete Diode Model:
• V-I characteristic curve:
• The reverse current is taken
into account with the parallel
resistance and is indicated by
the portion of the curve to the
left of the origin.
• The breakdown portion of the
curve is not shown because
breakdown is not a normal
mode of operation.
Diode Approximations

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