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The H.V Measurements-3

The document discusses different types of potential dividers used for measuring high voltages, including series resistance, capacitive, and mixed RC dividers. A series resistance divider uses a high value resistor in series with the microammeter to limit current flow. Capacitive dividers utilize gas-filled condensers that provide frequency-independent voltage attenuation. Mixed RC dividers combine resistors and capacitors to improve transient response over resistive dividers alone. The document explains the operating principles, advantages, and applications of these different potential divider configurations for measuring voltages.

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Alfred Okache
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37 views21 pages

The H.V Measurements-3

The document discusses different types of potential dividers used for measuring high voltages, including series resistance, capacitive, and mixed RC dividers. A series resistance divider uses a high value resistor in series with the microammeter to limit current flow. Capacitive dividers utilize gas-filled condensers that provide frequency-independent voltage attenuation. Mixed RC dividers combine resistors and capacitors to improve transient response over resistive dividers alone. The document explains the operating principles, advantages, and applications of these different potential divider configurations for measuring voltages.

Uploaded by

Alfred Okache
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Series resistance micro

ammeter
Content of presentation

What is series resistance micro


ammeter?

Operation

Drawback

s 31
Series resistance micro
ammeter
• A large value of resistance (few hundreds
of mega ohms) is connected in series with
uA.
• Protective device (Zener diode)
connected across the uA.

Need for protective device:


If R fails, heavy current will flow throw uA

To divert protective device is used


3
2
Series resistance micro
ammeter
Voltage V=IR
Drop in Ammeter is negligible
R should be chosen such that 1 to 10 uA
is allowed for full scale deflection
500 kV can be measured
Accuracy : 20%

3
Series resistance micro
ammeter
Drawbacks
More power
dissipation
Temperature effects

4
Potential
dividers
What is potential
divider…?

Types of potential dividers

5
Potential
dividers
What is potential dividers…?
• Potential or voltage dividers useful for
high voltage DC and AC measurement.
• Potential dividers are usually either
resistive
or capacitive or mixed element type.
• The low voltage arm of the divider is usually
connected to a fast recording oscillograph or
a peak reading instrument through a delay
cable or a coaxial cable .
6
Potential
dividers

7
Potential
dividers
• Z1 is usually a resistor or a series of
resistors in case of a resistance potential
divider.
• Z1 is usually a single or a number of capacitors
in case of a capacitance divider.
• Z1 can able to use the combination of
resistance & Capacitor in case of a mixed RC
potential divider.
• Z2 will be a resistor or a capacitor or an R-
C impedance depending upon the type of
the divider.
8
Resistance potential
divider
• A simple resistance potential divider consists
of two resistances R1 and R2 in series.
(R1>>R2)
• Voltage ratio or attenuation factor is given
by

• The divider element R2, in practice, is


connected through the coaxial cable to the
oscilloscope.
9
Resistance potential
divider

Sudden switching action causes Flash over voltage and that causes damage to divider
circuit 10
In order to protect the dividers from flash over voltage, voltage controlled capacitors are
Resistance potential
divider
• The cable will generally have a surge
impedance Z0
• Surge impedance will come in parallel with
the oscilloscope input impedance (Rm , Cm).
• Rm will generally be greater than one
megaohm and Cm may be 10 to 50
picofarads.
• For high frequency and impulse voltages, the
ratio in the frequency domain will be given
by 11
Capacitive potential
divider
•Suitable for measuring the impulse voltage
up to 1 MV

12
Capacitive potential
•
divider
Harmonic Effects can be eliminated by use of
Capacitive Potential Dividers (CPD) with Electro
Static Voltmeter (ESV).
• Gas filled condensers C1and C2are used as shown
in figure.
• C1is a three terminal capacitor, connected to C2by
shielded cable.
• C2is shielded to avoid stray capacitance
• Applied voltage V1 is given by,
 C1  C2  Cm 
V1  V2  C C1- Standard Compressed Gas H.V. Condenser
 1 
C2 - Standard Low Voltage
• where
Condenser
, – Cm - Capacitance of the meter and cable
ESV- Electrostatic
leads
Voltmeter P -Protective
• – V2 - Reading
Impulse voltageofcan
Voltmeter
be measured by Gap
using capacitive potential dividers C.C - Connecting Cable

13
Capacitive potential
divider
• Capacitive potential divider can measure
fast rising voltage & impulse voltage.
• Capacitance ratio is independed of
frequency.
• Ratio of the divider (Attenuation factor) is
given by

• Capacitance C1 is formed between the


HV terminal of the source.
14
Capacitive potential
divider

15
Capacitive potential
divider
Impulse voltage measurement by
using capacitive

V1- Voltage to be
measured V2-Meter
reading
C1-Standard compressed
gas HV condenser
C2-Standard low voltage
condenser Cm-Capacitance of the
16
meter
Capacitive potential
•divider
C1 is the standard compressed air or
gas condenser- HV Capacitor.
• Value of C2 is very high, C2 may be mica
capacitor, paper capacitor etc
• C1 is connected to C2 by using a shield cable
• C2 is completely covered by using a box, for
avoiding stray capacitance.
• Voltage can measure by using VTVM
(Vacuum Tube Volt Meter) or ESV- testing
purpose for impulse voltage

17
Capacitive potential
divider
Advantages
• Loading on the source is negligible
• Capacitance ratio independent of
frequency

18
Mixed RC potential
divider
• Mixed potential dividers use R-C elements
in series or in parallel.
• Improved step response

19
Mixed RC potential
divider
Different
arrangement

20
THANK
YOU

21

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