Conduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Course Outline

• Introduction & Basic Concept

• Heat Conduction
• Fundamental of Convection
• Application : Heat Exchangers
• Fundamental of Thermal Radiation
• Mass Transfer
Conduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Course Outline
Heat Conduction
 What is Conduction?
 Mathematical Model (Fourier’s Law)
 Thermal Conductivity
Solid, Liquid and Gas
 Heat Capacity
 Thermal Resistance Concept
 Multi-Wall Conduction
 Conduction in Circular Pipes
 Multi-layer Circular Pipes
Over All Heat Transfer Coefficient
Critical Thickness of Insulator
 3-D Heat Conduction Equation
Solution of Steady 1-D Heat
Conduction Problems
Conduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Conduction
Thermal Resistance Concept :
Electrical Circuit: Thermal Circuit:

Potential Difference  A T
Q -k
x

I V1 V2 T
 -
Q
Re x kA
Current Flow
 T1 T 2
Q
Electric Resistance Rt
Conduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Conduction
Thermal Resistance Concept :

 A T
Q -k
Temperature Difference x

 - T
Q
x kA
Thermal Resistance
 T1 T 2
Q
Rt
Heat Flow
Conduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Conduction
Thermal Resistance Concept :

 - T  T1 T 2
Q Q
x kA Rt

Rt x
∆X 1
Rt Rt
kA A
Unit ? 1
Rt
k
Conduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Conduction
Multiwall Heat Conduction: Walls in Series
1 T 1 T2  T2 T 3
Q Q2
R1 R2
  
Q1 Q2 Q


Q T1 T3
R1 R2

∆x1 ∆x2
R1 R2 ∆x1 ∆x2
k1 A k2 A

 T  T 1 T3
Q over all Q
Rt Rt
Conduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Conduction
Multiwall Heat Conduction: Walls in Parallel
1 T1 T 2 2 T1 T 2
Q Q
R1 R2
 
Q1 Q2
1 1
R1 R2
k1 A 1 k2 A2
1
Rt
1 1
R1 R2

 T 1 T2
Q
Rt
 Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat conduction
Multiwall Heat Conduction
Wall in series-parallel
 Heat & Mass Transfer

EXAMPLE 3–1 Heat Loss through a Wall

Consider a 3-m-high, 5-m-wide, and 0.3-m-thick wall
whose thermal conductivity is k 0.9 W/m · °C (Fig. 3–
11). On a certain day, the temperatures of the inner
and the outer surfaces of the wall are measured to
be16°C and 2°C,respectively. Determine the rate of
heat loss through the wall on that day.
 Heat & Mass Transfer

EXAMPLE 3–2 Heat Loss through a Single-Pane Window

Consider a 0.8-m-high and 1.5-m-wide glass window with a
thickness of 8 mm and a thermal conductivity of k = 0.78
W/m ·°C. Determine the steady rate of heat transfer through
this glass window and the temperature of its inner surface
for a day during which the room is maintained at 20°C while
the temperature of the outdoors is -10°C. Take the heat
transfer coefficients on the inner and outer surfaces of the
window to be h1 =10 W/m 2· °C and h2 =40 W/m 2· C°,
which includes the effects of radiation.
 Heat & Mass Transfer

EXAMPLE 3–6 Heat Loss through a Composite Wall

A 3-m-high and 5-m-wide wall consists of long 16-cm×22-cm
cross section horizontal bricks (k=0.72 W/m · °C) separated by
3-cm-thick plaster layers (k=0.22 W/m · °C). There are also 2-
cm-thick plaster layers on each side of the brick and a 3-cm-
thick rigid foam (k=0.026 W/m · °C) on the inner side of the
wall, as shown in Fig. 3–21. The indoor and the outdoor
temperatures are 20°C and -10°C, and the convection heat
transfer coefficients on the inner and the outer sides are h1=10
W/m2· °C and h2=25 W/m2· °C, respectively. Assuming one-
dimensional heat transfer and disregarding radiation, determine
the rate of heat transfer through the wall.
Heat & Mass Transfer
Heat Conduction
Conduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Conduction
A composite wall having layers of brick (k = 0.6 W/m/C), plaster (k = 0.6
W/m/C) and foam (k = 0.03 W/m/C) as insulator. Draw thermal circuit for
Heat flow across the wall. Find out each conductive resistance for unit
length of the wall and overall heat transfer if temperature difference
across the wall is 85C.
Conduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Conduction
 Heat & Mass
Conduction

Δx Transfer
Rcond
kA

Q Q
Conduction

Δx Heat & Mass Transfer

Rcond
kA

Q Q

A
Q A Q A
Q

∆x ∆x ∆x
L=1
L=1 L=1
Conduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Conduction
Multiwall Heat Conduction:

T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2
Conduction
Conduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Thank You