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Module 4 Notes Grade 8

Sound is produced by vibrating matter that causes energy to transfer through a medium to our ears. Vibrations are disturbances that travel through air or other materials as longitudinal waves, transporting energy without moving the matter. The speed of sound depends on factors like temperature, pressure, and the material's density - it travels faster in solids than liquids than gases. Pitch is determined by frequency, with higher frequencies producing higher pitches. Loudness depends on amplitude, with greater amplitudes producing louder sounds.

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1K views22 pages

Module 4 Notes Grade 8

Sound is produced by vibrating matter that causes energy to transfer through a medium to our ears. Vibrations are disturbances that travel through air or other materials as longitudinal waves, transporting energy without moving the matter. The speed of sound depends on factors like temperature, pressure, and the material's density - it travels faster in solids than liquids than gases. Pitch is determined by frequency, with higher frequencies producing higher pitches. Loudness depends on amplitude, with greater amplitudes producing louder sounds.

Uploaded by

Jenny Juanitez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOUN

D
Sound

• is a form of energy produced &


transmitted by vibrating matter
How is sound
produced?
• Sounds are caused by vibrations.
• Vibrations are considered as a
disturbance that travels through a
medium.
• This vibratory motion causes energy to
transfer to our ears and is interpreted by
our brain.
Vibratio
- n
Very fast, repeated backward and
forward movement of particles of
matter
- For example, the vibration of the tuning fork creates
pure sound.
- The hammer hits the nail and the particles vibrate
making noise.
Sound . .
• . examples of
Sound waves are
longitudinal waves.
• They are also known as mechanical waves
since sound waves need medium in order
to propagate.
Waves transport energy
without moving
matter
Watch the 3 red dots

You will see them


vibrate, but not
move with the wave
to the end.

All the particles


are vibrating but
stay fixed
`
• As air molecules collide with those nearby,
they cause other air molecules to move back
and forth.
• In this way, energy is transferred from one
place to another.
The Speed of
Sound
Sound waves and
the States of
Matter
The Speed of Sound
• Sound waves can travel through other
materials besides air.
• As a sound wave travels through a material,
the particles in the material collide with each
other.
• In a solid, molecules are closer together than
in liquids or gases, so collisions between
molecules occur more rapidly than in liquids
or gases.
Speed of
Sound
Sound also travels faster in liquids than in
gases because molecules are still more
tightly packed. In fresh water, sound waves
travel 4 times faster than in air!
Speed of
Sound
Factors Affecting Speed of
Sound
(1) Atmospheric pressure
(2) relative humidity
(3) atmospheric temperature.

• High atmospheric pressure, relative


humidity and atmospheric temperature
lead to faster moving sound.
Why sound travels faster in
hot air
• The temperature of the material that sound
waves are traveling ?
through also affects the
speed of sound.
• As a substance heats up, its molecules move
faster, so they collide more frequently.
• The more frequent the collisions are, the faster
the speed of sound is in the material.
Sound cannot travel in a
vacuum.
• Remember that sound is a mechanical
wave
which needs medium in order to propagate.
• If no matter exists, there will be no sound.
• In the outer space, sound would not
be transmitted.
Properties and characteristics
of sound
Pitc
h
• The highness or lowness of sound is known
as the pitch of a sound.
How is frequency
p itch related?
and

The greater the frequency


of sound wave, the higher
the
pitch of sound
wave
produced.
Characteristics of
sound wave:
1. Loudness
• Loudness of sound
largely depends on
the intensity of
sound.
• The greater the
amplitude, the
louder the sound
produced
2. Pitch and frequency.
• Pitch refers to the highness
or lowness of sound
• The pitch sound depends on
the frequency
• The greater the frequency,
the higher the pitch of
sound
3. Intensity
• The measure of the
energy per unit time
transmitted through a
unit area by the
sound wave.
• Intensity levels are
expressed in
decibels (dB)
The
End

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