22 Chapte

A Down-to-Earth Approach 10/e

Slides by Dan Cavanaugh

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 How Social Change
Transforms Social Life
 Four Social Revolutions

 From Gemeinschaft to
Gesellschaft
 The Industrial Revolution
and Capitalism
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 2
 How Social Change
Transforms Social Life
 Social Movements
 Conflict, Power, and Global
Politics

 G-7 Plus

 Dividing up the World

 Two Threats to Coalition

 Africa Connections

 Information Technology
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 3
 Theories and Processes
of Social Change
 Evolution from Lower to
Higher

 Unilinear

 Multilinear

 Cultural Progress
 Natural Cycles
 Conflict Over Power
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 4
 How Social Change
Transforms Social Life
Marx’s Model - Conflict
Over Power
 Thesis (Current Arrangement
of Power)
 Antithesis (Contradiction)
 Synthesis (New Arrangement
of Power)
 Classless State
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 5
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 6
 Theories and Processes
of Social Change
Ogburn’s Theory
 Invention

 Discovery

 Diffusion

 Cultural Lag
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 7
 Theories and Processes
of Social Change
Evaluation of Ogburn’s Theory
 Too Unidirectional
 The Way People Adapt to
Technology Only Part of the
Story
 However, He Never Said
Technology was the Only
Force for Social Change
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 8
 How Technology
Changes Society

 Technology is Tools & Skills

 Postmodern Societies

Possess Technology that

Greatly Extend Human Ability

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 9
 The Social Significance
of Technology
 Changes in Social
Organization
 Changes in Ideology
 Changes in Conspicuous
Consumption
 Changes in Social
Relationships
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 10
 The Impact of
the Automobile
 Displacement of Existing
Technology
 Effects on Cities
 Changes in Architecture
 Changed Courtship and
Sexual Norms
 Effects on Women’s Roles
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 11
 The Cutting Edge
of Change
 Changes in Social
Relationships
 Concerns about the
Computer
 Computers in Education
 Computers in the Workplace
 Computers in Business and
Finance
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 12
 Cyberspace and
Social Inequality
 Access to Libraries of
Information
 World Linked by Almost
Instantaneous
Communication
 National and Global
Stratification Represents a
Digital Divide
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 13
 The Growth Machine
vs. The Earth
 Environmental Problems in
the Most Industrialized
Nations
 Fossil Fuels and Global
Warming

 Acid Rain

 Greenhouse Effect

 Global Warming
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 14
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 15
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 16
 The Growth Machine
vs. The Earth

 The Energy Shortage and

Multinational Corporations

 Environmental Injustice

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 17
 Environmental Problems:
Industrializing and Least Industrialized Nations

 Exported Pollution
from Industrialized
Nations
 Destruction of Habitat
 Disappearance of Rain
Forests
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 18
 The Environmental
Movement
 Green Political Parties
 Activists Seek
Solutions in…
 Politics
 Education
 Legislation
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 19
 Environmental Sociology:
Key Ideas

1. Physical Environment a
Significant Variable
2. Human Beings Depend on
Natural Environment
3. Human Actions Have
Unintended Consequences
4. The World is Finite; Limits to
Economic Growth
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 20
 Environmental Sociology
5. Economic Expansion Requires
Increased Extractions
6. Increased Extractions Lead to
Ecological Problems
7. Ecological Problems Limit
Economic Expansion
8. Governments Create
Environmental Problems
9. Environmental Problems Must
be Solved
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 21
 Environmental Sociology

 Technology and the

Environment: The Goal of
Harmony
 Abuse of Environment Not
Inevitable
 Must Discover Ways to
Reduce or Eliminate Harm
to the Environment
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 22
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 22: Social Change and the Environment 23