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Engineering Drawing: Class 2

The document discusses the basics of engineering drawings including: 1) Engineering drawings are technical drawings used to define engineered items and allow their manufacture. They use standardized conventions and convey all required information. 2) Common features of engineering drawings include geometry, dimensions, tolerances, material, and surface finish specifications. 3) Drawings also use various line styles like visible, hidden, center, and cutting planes lines to represent different features.

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Abed Soliman
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123 views33 pages

Engineering Drawing: Class 2

The document discusses the basics of engineering drawings including: 1) Engineering drawings are technical drawings used to define engineered items and allow their manufacture. They use standardized conventions and convey all required information. 2) Common features of engineering drawings include geometry, dimensions, tolerances, material, and surface finish specifications. 3) Drawings also use various line styles like visible, hidden, center, and cutting planes lines to represent different features.

Uploaded by

Abed Soliman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Engineering Drawing

Class 2
Basic geometric elements
Types of Drawings
Artistic Drawings

Technical Drawings

Illustrations or Renderings
Engineering Drawing
 is technical in nature
 used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered
items
 is usually created in accordance with standardized conventions
 convey the all required information that will allow a
manufacturer to produce that component

Note: The process of producing engineering drawings, and the skill of


producing them, is often referred to as technical drawing
Common Features of Engineering Drawings

• Geometry - the shape of the object; represented as views, how


the object will look when it is viewed from various standard
directions, such as front, top, side, etc.
• Dimensions - the size of the object is captured in accepted units.
• Tolerances - the allowable variations for each dimensions.
• Material - which represents what the item is made of.
• Finish - specifies the surface quality of the item, functional or
cosmetic. For example, a mass marketed product usually
requires a much higher surface quality than, say, a component
that goes inside industrial machinery.
Line Styles
A variety of line styles are used to graphically represent physical objects.

Types of lines include the following:


 VISIBLE - are continuous lines used to depict edges directly visible
from a particular angle.
 HIDDEN - are short-dashed lines that may be used to represent edges
that are not directly visible.
 CENTER - are alternately long- and short-dashed lines that may be
used to represent the axes of circular features.
 CUTTING PLANE - are thin, medium-dashed lines, or thick
alternately long- and double short-dashed that may be used to define
sections for section views.
 SECTION - are thin lines in a parallel pattern used to indicate surfaces
in section views resulting from "cutting." Section lines are commonly
referred to as "cross-hatching."
Line Styles
Here is an example of an engineering drawing.
The different line types are colored for clarity.

 Black = object line and hatching


 Magenta = phantom line or cutting plane
 Red = hidden line
 Blue = center line
Meaning of Lines

Visible lines represent features that can be seen in the


current view.

Hidden lines represent features that can not be seen in


the current view.

Center line represents symmetry, path of motion, centers


of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts.

Dimension and Extension lines indicate the sizes and


location of features on a drawing.
Sizes of Drawings
ISO A Drawing Sizes (mm)
 A4210 X 297
 A3297 X 420
 A2420 X 594
 A1594 X 841
 A0841 X 1189
Drawing Scales
Length, size
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element of an object shown
in the drawing to the real linear dimension of the same element of the object.

Size in drawing Actual size

:
Drawing Scales
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follow

SCALE 1:1 for full size


SCALE X:1 for enlargement scales
SCALE 1:X for reduction scales
Scales:
• A
  combination scale is one that has engineering, metric,
and architectural components on a single scale.
• The scale chosen to create the drawing must be marked
clearly in the title block.
▫ 1:1 full size
▫ 1:2 half size
▫ 2:1 or (1:) double size
Draw a Line at 45 with Horizontal o

1. Place 45o triangle on the T-square edge and press them firmly against
the paper.
2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.
Draw a Line at angle 30o and 60o
1. Place 30o-60o triangle on the T-square edge and press
them firmly against the paper.
2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.
Draw the Lines at 15o Increment
0 deg.
15 deg. = 30 + 45 deg
30 deg.
45 deg. Already
demonstrated.
60 deg.
75 deg. = 30 + 45 deg
90 deg. Already
demonstrated.
Drawing a Line making 75o With a
Given Line Through a Given Point

Given

C
+
Inclined Lines

It is possible to divide 360


degrees angle into twenty-
four 15 degrees sectors
with the triangles used
singly or in combination.
Basic Geometric Elements-points
• A point: Represents a location in space or on a
drawing and has no width, height, or depth.
• A point is represented by the intersection of 2-lines, a
short crossbar on a line, or by a small cross.

Point Point Point


Basic Geometric Elements-Lines
 A straight line is the shortest distance between two points and is
commonly referred to simply as a “line”
 Horizontal lines have constant distance from the lower edge of
the drawing sheet, vertical lines have constant distance from the
right side and left side edges of the sheet.
 Straight lines or curved lines are parallel if the shortest distance
between them remains constant.
Vertical

Horizontal
Line

Line

Parallel Perpendicular
Basic Geometric Elements-Angles
• An angle is formed by two intersecting lines.
• There are 360º in a full circle.
• A degree is divided into 60 minutes, 60'. A minute is
divided into 60 seconds, 60".

180o 90o <90o

Straight
Full Circle Angle Right Angle Cute Angle
Basic Geometric Elements-Triangles
 A triangle is a plane figure bounded by three straight
sides.
 The sum of the interior angles is always 180o

Equilateral Isosceles Right Triangle


Triangle Triangle
Basic Geometric Elements-Quadrilaterals
 A quadrilateral is a plane figure bounded by 4-
straight sides.
 If the opposite sides are parallel, the quadrilateral is
also called parallelogram

Square Rectangle Rhombus Rhomboid Trapezoid


Basic Geometric Elements-Polygons
• A polygon is any plane figure bounded by straight
lines.
• Regular Polygons have equal sides and angles
• Regular Polygons can be inscribed in or
circumscribed around a circle.

Triangle Rectangle Pentagon Hexagon Octagon


Bisecting a line or Arc
1. Swing two arcs of any radius greater than half-length of
the line with the centers at the ends of the line.
2. Join the intersection points of the arcs with a line.
3. Locate the midpoint.

Given A

A r1
r1

B
B

(not to scale)
Bisecting an Angle
1. Swing an arc of any radius whose centers at the vertex.
2. Swing the arcs of any radius from the intersection
points between the previous arc and the lines.
3. Draw the line. A
(not to scale)

Given
A
B
r1 r2
B
r2
C C
Drawing a Line Parallel to a Given
Line Through a Point
Given
C
+
Drawing a Line Parallel to a
Given Line Through a Point
Given
C
+
Drawing a Line Parallel to a Given
Line With a Specified Distance

Given distance = r
Drawing a Line Parallel to a Given
Line With a Specified Distance

Given distance = r
Drawing a Line Perpendicular to
a Given Line at a Given Point
Adjacent-sides method

C
+
Drawing a Line Perpendicular to
a Given Line at a Given Point
Adjacent-sides method

C
+
Drawing a Line Perpendicular to a
Given Line at a Point not on the line
Adjacent-sides method

C
+
Drawing a Line Perpendicular to a
Given Line at a Point not on the line
Adjacent-sides method

C
+

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