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Chemical Formula

Chemical formulas indicate the relative number of atoms in a chemical compound or molecule. They help describe the atomic makeup. For ionic compounds, the formula represents the simplest ratio of positive and negative ions and uses subscripts to indicate the number of atoms or groups of atoms. Naming involves understanding oxidation numbers and using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms in molecular compounds.

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MD. ARIFUL ISLAM
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216 views6 pages

Chemical Formula

Chemical formulas indicate the relative number of atoms in a chemical compound or molecule. They help describe the atomic makeup. For ionic compounds, the formula represents the simplest ratio of positive and negative ions and uses subscripts to indicate the number of atoms or groups of atoms. Naming involves understanding oxidation numbers and using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms in molecular compounds.

Uploaded by

MD. ARIFUL ISLAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMICAL FORMULA

Chemical names and Formulas


 There are millions of natural and synthetic
chemical compounds
 Calcium carbonate – limestone
 Sodium chloride – table salt
 Dihydrogen monoxide – water
 These are their chemical and common
names
 Chemical names help to describe the atomic
makeup of the compounds
Significance of a
Chemical
Formula
 Chemical formula
 Indicates the relative number of atoms of each
kind in a chemical compound.
 Molecular formula
 Indicates the relative number of atoms of each
kind in a molecule. (Covalently bonded)

C8H18

Subscript indicates there Subscript indicates there


are 8 atoms of carbon in a are 18 atoms of hydrogen
molecule of octane in a molecule of octane
 Chemical formula for ionic compound
 Ionic compound consists of lattice of positive and
negative ions held together by mutual attraction.
 Chemical formula represented by one formula unit 
Simplest ratio of the compounds positive and negative
ions
 Aluminum sulfate below consists of aluminum
cations and sulfate ions

Al2 (SO4 )3 Subscript 3 refers to


everything inside the
parentheses giving 3
sulfate ions, with a total
Subscript 2 refers to 2 of 3 sulfur atoms and 12
Aluminum atoms Subscript 4 refers oxygen atoms

to 4 oxygen atoms
Note: when you only in the sulfate ion
have one of an Note: parentheses are
atom, no subscript is used to identify
polyatomic ion as one unit
Naming Binary
Molecular
Compounds
 May use stock system to name these 
New system – must understand oxidation
numbers
 Prefix system
 Old system – must know numerical prefixes
1. mono- 6. hexa-
2. di- 7. hepta-
3. tri- 8. octa-
4. tetra- 9. nona-
5. penta- 10. deca-
The 6 binary compounds
of Nitrogen and Oxygen
N2 O dinitrogen monoxide
NO nitrogen monoxide

NO2 nitrogen dioxide

N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide

N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide

N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide


•Name the following •Write formulas for the following
molecular compounds molecular compounds
1. SO3 sulfur trioxide 1. carbon tetraiodide CI4
2. ICl3 iodine trichloride 2. phosphorus trichloride PCl3
3. PBr5 Phosphorus pentabromide 3. oxygen difluoride OF2

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