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Chapter 3 - Part 4

The document discusses energy losses and additions in fluid flow systems. It introduces the general energy equation and defines key terms like head. Examples are provided to calculate total energy lost and use the energy equation to determine pressure changes between two points in a pipe system.

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117 views16 pages

Chapter 3 - Part 4

The document discusses energy losses and additions in fluid flow systems. It introduces the general energy equation and defines key terms like head. Examples are provided to calculate total energy lost and use the energy equation to determine pressure changes between two points in a pipe system.

Uploaded by

Aria Crack
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3

Fluid Dynamics
Contents

Energy Losses and Addition


General Energy Equation
Power required by pump
Objectives
Identify the condition by which
energy can be losses, added and
removed
Expand Bernoulli’s equation to form
energy equation
Compute power added by pump
Define the efficiency of pump
Define the efficiency of fluid motors
Energy Losses
In fluid flow system, either energy
added, losses, or remove
Depend on devices that we use
Pump
Fluid Motor
Valve and Fittings
*Fluid Friction
Pump
Mechanical devices – add energy to
fluid Electric motor/power

Rotating shaft in pump

Takes kinetic energy

Delivers to fluid (fluid flow+


pressure increase)
Fluid motors
Mechanical devices – take energy from
fluid
Other example – turbines, actuators
take energy

deliver in form of work

causing rotation of a shaft /


linear movement of piston
Valves and Fittings

Elements that control direction or


flow rate – energy dissipated as heat
(energy losses)

Energy losses due to valve and


fitting is small – minor losses
Fluid Friction
A fluid in motion offers frictional
resistance to flow
Part of energy to convert to heat
(thermal heat)
The magnitude of energy losses is
dependent:
On the properties of the fluid
The flow velocity
Pipe size
Smoothness of the pipe wall
Length of the pipe
Terms

Head–energy per unit weight


h-energy losses and additions
Example:
hA-Energy added to the fluid
(pump) referred as total head
hR-Energy removed from the fluid

hL-Energy losses from the system


General Energy Equation
E  hA  hR  hL  E
'
1
'
2

E  energy per unit weight at 1


'
1

E  energy per unit weight at 2


'
2

hA  energy additions
hR  energy removals
hL  energy losses
General Energy Equation
Please see Figure 7.6
The energy possessed by the fluid
per unit weight is (N-m/N or lb
ft/lb)
2
p v
E'  z
 2g
The equation becomes
p1 v12 p2 v22
 z1   hA  hR  hL   z2 
 2g  2g
Example 1.0

Water flows from a large reservoir at the


rate of 0.034 m3/s through a pipe system
as shown in the below Figure. Calculate the
total amount of energy lost from the system
because of the valve, the elbows, the pipe
entrance, and fluid friction.

Ans: hl = 4.707 m
Example 1.0
Example 2

Water at 10 oC is flowing
from point A to point B
through the pipe shown in
Fig.2 at the rate of 0.37
m3/s. If the pressure at A
is 66.2 KPa, calculate the
pressure at B.

Answer:PB = 34.9 kPa


Example

Determine the friction factor f if water


at 70 c is flowing at 9.14 m/s in an
uncoated ductile iron pipe having an
inside diameter of 25 mm. The
kinematic viscosity is 4.11X10-7 m2/s
and the relative pipe roughness is
2.4X10-4 m.

Ans: f = 0.038

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