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Gerund

Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that function as nouns. They can be used as subjects, objects, or after prepositions. Verbs like "enjoy" and "avoid" take gerunds, while verbs like "want" and "plan" take infinitives with "to". Both gerunds and infinitives can follow verbs like "begin", "like", and "stop", but their meanings differ depending on which is used.

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212 views17 pages

Gerund

Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that function as nouns. They can be used as subjects, objects, or after prepositions. Verbs like "enjoy" and "avoid" take gerunds, while verbs like "want" and "plan" take infinitives with "to". Both gerunds and infinitives can follow verbs like "begin", "like", and "stop", but their meanings differ depending on which is used.

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Rahmat
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GERUND

What is Gerund?
• Gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun
• To form Gerunds, use: The Base Form + ing
GERUND VS PARTICIPLE
• Both a gerund and a present participle come from a verb, and both
end in –ing. However, each has a different function.  A gerund acts
like a noun while a present participle acts like a verb or adjective.
See the examples below!!
• They are smoking on the bus.
• He never stops smoking in his entire life.
GERUND VS PARTICIPLE
Participle (act as
Gerund (Act as noun) verb/adjective)
• Traveling can refresh our mind. • I am traveling with my
• One of the fun things to do in roommate.
holiday is traveling. • They have been traveling around
the world last week.
GERUND VS PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Look at the sentences below. Decide whether the underlined –ing word is acting like a noun, part of a verb, or an
adjective.
 I am helping my little brother with his math homework
 She is crying because she can’t believe it.
 Reading a novel is my favorite activity
 Driving too fast is dangerous
 I like cooking meatballs
 They were painting the wall
 Walking is good for you
 I really love swimming in sea
 Sshhh!! I am trying to sleep
When a gerund is used as the subject of a verb,
it is placed at the beginning of a sentence.

• Reading romantic novels is my favorite pastime.


• Smoking is hazardous to health.
• Climbing mountains can be dangerous if we are not careful.
• Walking from here to the local supermarket takes only five
minutes.
As the object of a verb

• When a gerund is used as the object of a verb in a sentence, it is


placed after the verb.
 He enjoys acting.
 Mary disliked listening to pop music.
 They hate eating fatty foods.
 We all enjoy reading a good book.
Gerund after object of preposition
• I will wash the dishes after eating
• I can’t sleep without watching cartoon.
The Use of Gerund
 Subject
- Singing K-Pop makes me happy.
- Studying Math is boring.
 Object
- I really like fishing.
 Complement
- My brother’s hobby is dancing.
 After preposition (in,at,without,on,after,before,with,between,among,etc)
- I will drive my car to Salodong without stopping.
- He is very good in flirting girl.
 After Possesive Adjective
- Her coming makes me glad.
- My meeting with her was very unforgettable.
GERUND vs TO INFINITIVE
• A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing."
• Infinitives are the "to" form of the verb.
It can be tricky to remember which verbs are followed by the infinitive (the
to form) of the verb and which are followed by the gerund (the ing form) of
the verb.
GERUND & TO INFINITIVE
Try to remember that:
• Gerunds are often used when actions are real, fixed, or completed.
"I enjoy cooking."
• Infinitives are often used when actions are unreal, abstract, or future:
"He wants to swim."
Infinitive
1. Bare Infinitive
Ex: Say, stay, build,etc
2. To infinitive (To+V1)
Certain verb (used before gerund)
• admit Miss Deny
• anticipate Postpone Resist
• avoid Practice Imagine
• can’t help Recall Suggest
• complete Regret Can’t help
• consider Report Resume
• delay Resent mind
• Can’t stand
Certain verb
Examples:
• The aircraft avoids landing because of bad weather
• My classmates practice speaking France language.
• I can’t help falling in love with you.
Verb followed by “TO INFINITIVE”
• agree Hope would like
• Appear Intend wish
• attempt Learn
• Choose Offer
• claim Plan
• Demand Prepare
• Expect Pretend
• fail Promise
• hesitate Refuse
• Seem Tend
Examples
• Our class plan to join the trip next week
• My parents agree to buy me a new bike
• They chose to go home than comeback to school.
Can use Both (Gerund and to infinitive)
• After Dis Con BeLi S (Dislike, Continue, Begin, Like, Start)
Gerund & To infinitive (similar meaning)
Ex: - I continue washing my car
- I continue to wash my car
• After Rem For Stop (Remember, Forget, Stop)
Gerund & To infinitive (different meaning)
Ex: - My brother stops smoking
- My brother stops to smoke
- I remember locking the door
- I remember to lock the door

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