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Disaster Risk Management: Source: UNISDR

The document discusses key concepts in disaster risk management including hazards, disasters, risk, and the disaster management cycle. It defines hazards as threats with potential to cause harm, and disasters as occurring when hazards significantly impact human societies due to conditions of vulnerability. The disaster management cycle has four phases - mitigation to reduce future risk, preparedness, response to save lives during an event, and recovery to rebuild after the event. The document also categorizes different types of disasters.

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50 views23 pages

Disaster Risk Management: Source: UNISDR

The document discusses key concepts in disaster risk management including hazards, disasters, risk, and the disaster management cycle. It defines hazards as threats with potential to cause harm, and disasters as occurring when hazards significantly impact human societies due to conditions of vulnerability. The disaster management cycle has four phases - mitigation to reduce future risk, preparedness, response to save lives during an event, and recovery to rebuild after the event. The document also categorizes different types of disasters.

Uploaded by

Shova Shrestha
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Source: UNISDR

Disaster
Risk Management
Disaster Risk Management

• Hazard 
• Disaster
• Elements at Risk
• Vulnerability
• Risk
Hazard
A Hazard is a threat, a future source of danger. It
has the potential to cause harm to:

 People - death, injury, disease and stress


 Human activity – economic, educational etc.
 Property - property damage, economic loss of
 Environment - loss fauna and flora, pollution,
loss of amenities
(ADPC)
HAZARD is any substance, phenomenon or
situation, which has the potential to cause
disruption or damage to people, their property,
their services and their environment
Hazard: Spatial versus Temporal scales
Hazard Calendar
S.N. Hazard 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Flood √ √ √
2 Landslide √ √ √
3 Fire √ √ √ √ √
4 Wind storm √ √
5 Thunderbolt √ √ √ √
6 Earthquake √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
7 Human- √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
wildlifeConflict
1-Baisakh; 2-Jesth; 3-Asar; 4-Srawan; 5-Bhadra; 6-Aaswin; 7-Kartik; 8-
Mangsir; 9-Paush; 10-Magh; 11-Falgun;12-Chaitra
From Natural Hazard to Natural Disaster
When a naturally process or event significantly
harms Human directly or indirectly

 Location
 Occurrence
 Frequency
 Magnitude
 Effect
From Natural Hazard to Natural Disaster

Hazards are natural. Disasters are not

Natural disasters are generally considered as a


coincidence between natural hazards and
conditions of vulnerability.

There is a high risk of disaster when one or more


natural hazards occur in a vulnerable situation
(Maskrey, 1989)
Risk is not only a function of exposure to natural processes that can impact society
but also a function of the choices we make as we inhabit a dynamic Earth. Impacts
of events directly relate to human decisions and policies made before, during, and
after a catastrophic event.

(Wood, 2011)
(de Brito et. Al., 2017)
Hazard: Risk and Exposure
(UNISDR, United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, 2011)
Disaster Management Cycle
Introduction

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)


Disaster Risk Management (DRM)
The policy objective of anticipating and reducing risk is
called disaster risk reduction (DRR).

Disaster risk management (DRM) can be thought of as the


implementation of DRR, since it describes the actions that
aim to achieve the objective of reducing risk.

Both often used interchangeably

(UNISDR, 2015)
Disaster Risk Management

• It is not only natural events that cause


Disaster.

• Disaster is also the product of social,


political and economic environments

Disaster is a complex mix of natural hazards


and human action
(Wisner et. al., 2004)
Disaster Management Cycle: Phases

Pre-Disaster Response Post-Disaster


Disaster Management Cycle
the reduction or
elimination of
future risk

the process of a practiced state


repair and of readiness to
restoration respond

an immediate
reaction or relief
that saves lives

Four Phases of Disaster Management Cycle


(FEMA)
Four Phases of Disaster Management Cycle
MITIGATION
"the reduction or elimination of future risk"

PREPAREDNESS
"a practiced state of readiness to respond"

RESPONSE
"an immediate reaction or relief that saves lives"

RECOVERY
"the process of repair and restoration"
Four Phases of Disaster Management Cycle
Preparedness—Building the emergency management function to
respond effectively to, and recover from, any hazard. (long term
planning)

Mitigation—Taking sustained actions to reduce or eliminate long-


term risk to people and property from hazards and their effects (e.g.
Inventory, Mapping, Landuse planning, Zoning, ).

Response—Conducting emergency operations to save lives and


property by taking action to reduce the hazard to acceptable levels
(or eliminate it entirely); evacuating potential victims; providing food,
water, shelter, and medical care to those in need; and restoring
critical public services

Recovery—Rebuilding communities so that individuals, businesses,


and governments can function on their own, return to normal life,
and protect against future hazards.
(Modified after Thieken et al., 2007)
Types of Disaster

 Geophysical (e.g. Earthquakes, Landslides,)


 Hydrological (e.g. Floods)
 Climatological (e.g. Drought and Wildfires)
 Meteorological (e.g. Cyclones and Storms)
 Biological (e.g. Disease Epidemics)

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