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Distribution of Elements On Earth and Living Systems

The document discusses the distribution of elements on Earth and in living systems. It notes that 83 elements are found naturally, with 12 making up 99.7% of the Earth's crust by mass. These elements are distributed unevenly, with iron being the most abundant in the Earth's crust. The mantle contains sulfur, iron, silicon and carbon. Humans contain trace amounts of elements like zinc, iron and copper that make up 0.1% of our body mass and are essential for biological functions. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen are found in all living things. Rare elements either don't exist due to short half-lives or are substituted by other elements.

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199 views10 pages

Distribution of Elements On Earth and Living Systems

The document discusses the distribution of elements on Earth and in living systems. It notes that 83 elements are found naturally, with 12 making up 99.7% of the Earth's crust by mass. These elements are distributed unevenly, with iron being the most abundant in the Earth's crust. The mantle contains sulfur, iron, silicon and carbon. Humans contain trace amounts of elements like zinc, iron and copper that make up 0.1% of our body mass and are essential for biological functions. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen are found in all living things. Rare elements either don't exist due to short half-lives or are substituted by other elements.

Uploaded by

ky p
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Distribution of

elements on Earth and


living systems

Group 4- Marquez , Lamyah ,Raymart ,


Iman and John
Elements
• An element is a pure substance that is made up from a single type of
atom.
• Everything on Earth is made up of these elements that are classified as
metal, non-metals and metalloids.
• Although the Earth is made-up of these elements it is not evenly
distributed throughout the Earth's crust as most elements are in
combined forms
How are the elements distributed?
• 83 elements are found in nature ,and 12 makes up 99.7 % of the Earth’s
crust by mass
• It is distributed mostly in the Earth such as the Earth’s crust which is
made up of Iron.
• The surrounding area around the core is a layer called mantle which is a
hot fluid that contains Sulfur, Iron , Silicon and Carbon.
How are the elements distributed?
• In humans  we have elements such as Zinc (Zn) , Iron (Fe) , Copper (Cu) , Iodine (I) and Cobalt
(Co), which makes up 0.1% of our body mass.
• It is necessary for biological functions like structure, growth, transporting oxygen for metabolism
and defense against disease for all living beings.
• Hydrogen, Carbon , Nitrogen and Oxygen are found in every living being. 19.4% is the percentage
of carbon in the mass of living matter while Oxygen and Hydrogen are present in almost all organic
compounds that creates living organisms
Other elements
• Elements such as phosphorus and sulfur are essentials for the structure of
nucleic acids and amino acids
• Remaining elements found in nature play a role in determining the protein
structure e.g. hemoglobin (iron) and chlorophyll (magnesium)
• Others are essential in taxonomic groups (scientific study of identifying ,
naming, characteristics etc. of an animal or species) particularly prokaryotes
(single-celled organisms).
• Rarer elements are being substitutes like bromine is often substitutes for
chlorine
Other elements
• Few elements were found to become pharmacologic function for
humans and possibly for other living beings. Even though it’s non-
essential it is still used to treat diseases. E.g. Fluorine reduces the
effects of iron deficiency in rats.
• Elements with atomic number 95 or higher have a very short life-span
so they don’t exist on the surface of the Earth .
In conclusion..

• The abundance of elements is mostly present in the Earth’s crust


• Other elements are essential for development, forming of cells, structure
• are used in medicine
• Rare elements either don’t exist due to short life-span or are being substituted.
Sources:-
• Chang Chemistry book
• Biological roles of the elements – Wikipedia
• Distribution of Elements on Earth - Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Propertie
s - YouTube
THAT IS THE END OF OUR REPORT
THANK YOU

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