Scribd
Upload
258 views20 pages

FFB-311-L1&amp 2 - (Introd) POPULATION DYNAMICS

Fish stocks are subpopulations of a particular species of fish. Intrinsic parameters (growth, recruitment, mortality and fishing mortality) are the only significant factors in determining population dynamics. In fisheries management, stock refers to a harvested or managed unit of a fish.

Uploaded by

joshigauta
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
258 views20 pages

FFB-311-L1&amp 2 - (Introd) POPULATION DYNAMICS

Fish stocks are subpopulations of a particular species of fish. Intrinsic parameters (growth, recruitment, mortality and fishing mortality) are the only significant factors in determining population dynamics. In fisheries management, stock refers to a harvested or managed unit of a fish.

Uploaded by

joshigauta
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

FFB-311

Population
Dynamics
&
Stock Management
Migration
(emigration / immigration)
Density Dependent

Ecological Conditions Exploitation


Density Independent Density Independent

Carrying Capacity

Mortality
Natility
Density Dependent
Density Dependent
Population Growth

Sustainability of Stock
The Komering River in Indonesia now dries up almost
completely in the dry season due to irrigation works
upstream
Barrier traps such as corong flume traps and tuguk suspended
trawls in Indonesia are expensive to construct, but highly effective
at catching migrating fish
In Bangladesh, dry season floodplain water-
bodies may even be pumped dry to extract the
last remaining fish
Even small floodplain water-bodies may enable many
brood fish to survive the dry season, if protected as
reserves (River Ganges, India)
Fish Stock
Fish stocks are subpopulations of a particular species of
fish, for which intrinsic parameters (growth, recruitment,
mortality and fishing mortality) are the only significant factors
in determining population dynamics, while extrinsic factors
(immigration and emigration) are considered to be
insignificant.
The currently accepted definition of a stock in fisheries
science, is “ A stock describes characteristics of semi-
discrete groups of fish with some definable attributes
which are of interest to fishery managers” (Begg et
al.,1999).
In fisheries management, stock refers to a harvested or
managed unit of a fish.
Concept of Stock
 In general, stock is the genetically differentiated and
geographically isolated populations of a species.
 In fishes, there is a tendency to form a structured series
of discrete populations which have a degree of
reproductive isolation from each other in space, in time,
or in both.
 This isolation resulted into the genetic differences,
morphological variations and variable exposure to
different chemical regimes and parasitic species among
the sub-populations.
 Sub-populations also respond to fishing in such a way
that fishing on one population appears to have no effect
on the population dynamics of a neighbouring
population.
 Stocks are not always composed of a single
species. Stocks can be composed of multiple
species due to their being harvested together.
 An example of a multispecies stock is river
herring. Alewives and blueback herring are
labeled as river herring for management
purposes due to their similar physical
appearances and being harvested together.
 Individuals within a stock are subdivided into
cohorts. A cohort is a group of fish born in
the same year within a population or stock.
• A stock can be both transboundary and straddling stock
 Straddling stock stocks of fish which migrate between, or
occur in both, the economic exclusion zone (EEZ) of one or
more states and the high seas"
 Transboundary stock range in the EEZs of at least two
countries.
• Straddling stock include highly migratory fish stock.
 Straddling stocks are usually pelagic, rather than demersal
because demersal species move less than pelagic species,
since they tend to relate to bottom topography.
 Pelagic species are more mobile as their movements
influenced by ocean temperatures and the availability of
zooplankton as food.
 Example of straddling pelagic fish are
capelin, pollock, herring, whiting, mackerel
and redfish etc.

 There are, however, a few demersal


species that are straddling, such as the
Greenland halibut migrates in
feeding/spawning migrations to Greenland
in the west and to the Faeroes in the east.
What is Population Dynamics
(subject of moving bodies)?
The size of population at any given time may be taken to be a convenient end
index of many forces that act upon the population.
Ultimate size of the population is determined by the forces acting on growth of the
population which is influenced by natality, mortality and dispersion.
Natality has the +ve influence on population growth and mortality has –ve
influence where as dispersion may be positive or negative depending upon
whether it is one of emigration or immigration. All these forces are controlled
by various ecological forces which are density dependent and independent
factors.
Independent factors given are optimum ecological condition of a population by the
intervention of human beings, and grows its maximum size in right proportion with
the carrying capacity of its ecosystem but exploited population never attain this level
as the actual size being the function of intensity of exploitation.
The dynamics could be allowed if the short term benefits are worth for more than the
long term benefits normally fails to receive support from conservatives and
ecologist.
It is always good if the reflection are made for optimizing yield so as the sustain the
benefits for long time.
Dynamics of fish population seek to provide the basis frame work for scientific
advised in respect of optimization which is the central time of the fisheries resources
management.
Fish Population Structure & its
Units
Population (Collection of units, which is having some common
characteristics): A fish population can be defined as aggregates of
individuals of the same species comprising possibly in a number of
schools inhabiting in a well defined geographical area and cutoff from
another discrete population of the same species through a discontinuity
between their distributional ranges.
Unit Stock: A population can be considered as a unit stock if its members
exhibit sufficiently uniform characterstics in respect of the growth,
spawning, natural mortality, responses of fishing, morphometric and
meristic characters and serological properties etc.
Multiple Stock: In a multiple stock population signifies differences of their
in the characters. However, these multiple stock may tend to
amalgamate (unite) into a unit stock through gene flow unless the
constituents stock separate junction spatially at time of spawning.
Exception: For the purpose of fishing yield models males and females of a
population are sometimes treated as separate units if they differ from
each other in characters such as growth mortality etc.
Population of different species co-existing in a particular area and
exhibiting similar characters is some times treated as a single stock (unit
stock) for modeling purposes.
Loss of Fisheries: Due to irrational exploitation of Fishery
Resources
1- North sea or Norwegian Herring (Clupea harengus) : Stocks was
fluctuated with a regular periodicity since the 19th century (1950) due
over exploitation.
2- Hakkaido Herring (Clupea pallasi): Peak catch in1897; it subsequently
declined and disappeared in 1960.
3- Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanosticta): Peak catch – 2 million
tones in 1936 and catch was not recovered upto ofter 30 years and it
replaced by Anchovies during 1970s.
4- Californian Sardine: Fishery flourished between 1920-1951; peak catch
in 1936 and remained high until 1947 and after the year 1949-50, it
failed completely and fishery becomes extinct.
In the Country: In our Indian water the spotted sear fish
(Scomberomorus guttatus), which supported commercial fishery in
Palk Bay for over three decades and it collapsed in the early 60s due
to un-control fishery .
In the case of prawn fishery: Although absolute catch is not declined
significantly but exact signs of stock depletion are apparent from the
general declining trend in CPUE and the decreasing size of the
prawns in catch.
HISTORY:
The first principle of population dynamics is
widely regarded as the exponential law of
Malthus as modelled by the Malthusian growth
model.

A more general model formulation was


proposed by F.J. Richards in 1959, by which the
models of Gompertz, Verhulst and also Ludwig
von Bertalanffy are covered as special cases of
the general formulation.
A fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic
population which is harvested for its commercial or
recreational value.

Population dynamics describes the ways in which a given


population grows and shrinks over time, as controlled by
birth, death, and emigration or immigration.

It is the basis for understanding changing fishery patterns


and issues such as habitat destruction, predation and
optimal harvesting rates.

The population dynamics of fisheries is used by fisheries


scientists to determine sustainable yields.
The basic accounting relation for
population dynamics is the BIDE
model:
N1 = N0 + B − D + I − E
where N1 is the number of individuals at time 1,
N0 is the number of individuals at time 0, B is
the number of individuals born, D the number
that died, I the number that immigrated, and E
the number that emigrated between time 0 and
time 1. While immigration and emigration can be
present in wild fisheries, they are usually not
measured.
• A fishery population is affected by three dynamic rate
functions:
• Birth rate or recruitment: Recruitment means number
of new youmg fish that enters in a population in a given
year.

• Growth rate: This measures the growth of individuals in


size and length. This is important in fisheries where the
population is often measured in terms of biomass.

• Mortality: This includes harvest mortality and natural


mortality. Natural mortality includes non-human
predation, disease and old age
Terms associated with Population Dynamics

Virtual population analysis:


Virtual population analysis (VPA) is a modelling
technique commonly used in fisheries science for
reconstructing historical fish numbers using information
on death of individuals each year. This death is usually
partitioned into catch by fisheries and natural mortality.

Minimum viable population:


MVP is the smallest possible size at which a biological
population can exist without facing extinction from natural
disasters or demographic, environmental, or genetic
stochasticity
Maximum sustainable yield:
In population ecology and economics, the maximum
sustainable yield or MSY is, theoretically, the largest catch
that can be taken from a fishery stock over an indefinite
period.

Meta-population: A metapopulation is a group of spatially


separated populations of the same species which interact
at some level. The term was coined by Richard Levins in
1969.
 A metapopulation generally consists of several distinct
populations together with areas of suitable habitat which
are currently unoccupied.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy