Scribd
Upload
191 views21 pages

Urbanization & R-U Migration-Presentation

This presentation discusses urbanization and rural-urban migration. It begins with introducing the topic and providing an outline. It then defines urbanization and notes trends of populations becoming increasingly urban globally. Several slides discuss the nature of rural-urban migration, how it initially occurred due to factors like searching for better weather but later was driven by industrialization and opportunities in cities. Causes of migration are categorized as economic and non-economic push factors in rural areas and pull factors in urban areas. Impacts of migration include unemployment and congestion in cities as well as depopulation of rural workforces. The presentation concludes by recommending rural development and job creation programs to address imbalances driving migration.

Uploaded by

Isaac Owusu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
191 views21 pages

Urbanization & R-U Migration-Presentation

This presentation discusses urbanization and rural-urban migration. It begins with introducing the topic and providing an outline. It then defines urbanization and notes trends of populations becoming increasingly urban globally. Several slides discuss the nature of rural-urban migration, how it initially occurred due to factors like searching for better weather but later was driven by industrialization and opportunities in cities. Causes of migration are categorized as economic and non-economic push factors in rural areas and pull factors in urban areas. Impacts of migration include unemployment and congestion in cities as well as depopulation of rural workforces. The presentation concludes by recommending rural development and job creation programs to address imbalances driving migration.

Uploaded by

Isaac Owusu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Urbanization and Rural-urban

migration

Presented by:

Isaac Owusu

Student

(PhD Agribusiness Management)


Presentation Outline:
Introduction
Nature of Rural-Urban migration
Causes of Rural-Urban migration
Impact of Rural-Urban migration
Conclusion
Recommendations
References
 Various forms of migration have occurred over
the years in all regions of the world

 Urbanization:

 the population shift from rural to urban residency

 the gradual increase in the proportion of people


living in urban areas

 and the ways in which society adapts to this change


(Wikipedia, 2018)
 The world as a whole became majority urban in 2009
(Todaro et al., 2015).

 the developing world is expected to become majority


urban by 2020

 Meanwhile, the United Nations has projected that the


least developed countries will become majority urban
by 2050 (Todaro et al., 2015).
Initial trigger of migration in the past had
basically been the search for more favorable
conditions

For instance, people moved from northeastern


U.S. to Florida in search of warmer weather
 But the picture became different with the
advent of industrialization

 High rates of migration were recorded in


Europe in the 18th century:
 There was massive movement of people
from the countryside to urban areas
 It was the period of social and economic change
that transformed agrarian societies into
industrial societies

 Involved the extensive re-organization of


economies for the purpose of manufacturing

 Rural folks now moved to urban areas purposely


in search of high paid industrial jobs
 Urbanization thus epitomizes the process
whereby a society changes from a rural to an
urban way of life
 The movement of people from the rural areas
(countryside) to urban areas (cities) in search of
opportunities such as:
- high paid jobs
- access to improved social amenities
- better technologies
- business opportunities
- urban entertainment, etc.
 It is an internal form of migration (movement within a
country)

 It usually involves the movement of the active labor


force (the youth) from rural areas to urban areas (Enu
(2014)

 Reduces active work force in the rural areas

 This explains why the farmer is growing older and


older

 Conversely, it leads to congestion in the urban areas,


putting pressure on available facilities
 Different reasons account for rural-urban migration in
developing countries.

 These can be classified into push factors and pull


factors, which can further be categorized into economic
and non-economic factors (Gebhardt et al. 2007, cited in
Fischer (2009); (Kok et al., 2003))
 Economic push factors include:

 unemployment
 low wages
 lack of business opportunities, etc.

 Non-economic push factors include poor rural


infrastructure in general and poor living conditions
with respect to:

 housing
 education possibilities
 Healthcare, etc.
 Economic pull factors include:

 employment opportunities
 higher wages
 business opportunities, etc.

 Non-economic pull factors include social factors such


as better:

 Healthcare
 housing
 education, etc.
 High incidence of unemployment in urban areas.

 Overstretched facilities leading to poor quality of life in


some parts of urban centers

 Depopulation of rural workforce which retards rural


development

 This impacts negatively on agricultural production


and productivity
 Development of slums or shantytowns by poverty
stricken migrants who could not be absorbed into urban
jobs and residences

 Congestion, poor sanitary conditions, air pollution, crime


or insecurity, etc.
 Temporary employment programmes

• Eg. NABCO; planting/rearing for food and jobs

 Rural development programmes


 There is a positive correlation between economic
development and urban population growth.

 Rural-urban migration will continue to happen


so long as rural areas remain under-developed
relative to urban areas.
 The development gap between urban and rural areas
should be bridged by focusing on rural development.

 Young entrepreneurs should be oriented and supported


technically, and financially (in certain cases) to set up
business in the rural areas to create jobs
Enu, P. (2014) The Effects of Rural -Urban Migration in Ghana: Empirical Evidence
from the Okaishie Community - Greater Accra Region, Social and Basic Sciences
Research Review, vol. 2, (10) pp 416-428.

Fischer (2009), Rural-Urban Migration. A necessity to survive, Munich, GRIN Verlag,


https://www.grin.com/document/180759.

Kok P, O’Donovan M, Bouare O & Van Zyl J, 2003. Post-apartheid patterns of internal
migration in South Africa. Cape Town: HSRC.

Todaro, M. P. and Smith, S. C. (2015). Economic Development (12th Edition). Pearson


Education Limited, Edinburgh Gate, United Kingdom

Wikipedia (2018), Urbanization, the free encyclopedia, retrieved from


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization
THANK YOU

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy