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Chapter 1 - A Geographer's World: Section Notes Video

Geographers study the world using different themes and tools: - The five themes of geography (location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, regions) help organize geographic studies. Maps, satellites, and other tools also help geographers study the planet. - There are two main branches of geography - physical geography studies landforms and bodies of water, while human geography focuses on human cultures and landscapes. - Six essential elements (spatial terms, places and regions, physical/human systems, environment/society, uses of geography) highlight important geographic ideas and link to standards studied by geographers.

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Brian Jay Giman
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547 views28 pages

Chapter 1 - A Geographer's World: Section Notes Video

Geographers study the world using different themes and tools: - The five themes of geography (location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, regions) help organize geographic studies. Maps, satellites, and other tools also help geographers study the planet. - There are two main branches of geography - physical geography studies landforms and bodies of water, while human geography focuses on human cultures and landscapes. - Six essential elements (spatial terms, places and regions, physical/human systems, environment/society, uses of geography) highlight important geographic ideas and link to standards studied by geographers.

Uploaded by

Brian Jay Giman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1 – A Geographer’s World

Section Notes Video


Studying Geography Impact of Studying Geography
Geography Themes and Essential
Elements
The Branches of Geography Maps
High School Soccer Preparation
The United States
Close-up
The Five Themes of Geography

Images
Quick Facts What is Geography?
Chapter 1 Visual Summary Looking at the World
Geography Defined
Meteorologist at Work
Studying Geography

The Big Idea


The study of geography and the use of geographic tools
helps us view the world in new ways.

Main Ideas
• Geography is the study of the world, its people, and the
landscapes they create.
• Geographers look at the world in many different ways.
• Maps and other tools help geographers study the planet.
Main Idea 1:
Geography is the study of the world, its
people, and the landscapes they create.
• Geography is the study of the world, its people, and the
landscapes they create
– A place’s landscape is all the human and physical features that
make it unique.

• Geography as a science
– Geographers ask questions about how the world works.
– Geographers gather and interpret data.

• Geography as a social science, a field that studies people and


the relationships among them
– Geographers ask questions about people and their lives.
– Geographers visit places and talk to the people who live there to
learn about lives and communities.
Main Idea 2:
Geographers look at the world in many
different ways.
Local Level Regional Level Global Level
• Geographers ask • Geographers ask
questions to figure • A region is a part how events and
out why people live of the world that ideas from one
and work the way has one or more region of the world
they do. common features affect people in
that distinguish it other regions to
• Can help improve from surrounding learn how people
people’s lives by areas. interact globally.
making
contributions to • Physical and/or • Try to find
community planning human relationships among
characteristics can people who live far
define a region. apart
• Dividing world into • Provide information
regions makes it that helps us figure
easier to study. out how to live in a
rapidly changing
• Comparing regions world
can build
understanding.
Main Idea 3:
Maps and other tools help geographers study
the planet.
Maps Globes
• A map is a flat drawing • A globe is a spherical,
that shows all or part of or ball-shaped, model of
Earth’s surface. the entire planet.
• Details can be distorted, • Can show world as it
or altered, in order to really is
show on a flat surface.
• More expensive to make
• Easy to work with
• Usually only show where
• Can show a great places are and what
variety of information features they have
Other Tools

• Satellite images
– Show what an area looks like from above Earth
– Collect information that can’t be seen from the planet’s
surface

• Computer programs
– Create, update, and compare maps

• Measuring devices to record data


• Notebook and tape recorder to take notes
Geography Themes and Essential Elements

The Big Idea


Geographers have created two different but related systems
for organizing geographic studies.

Main Ideas
• The five themes of geography help us organize our studies
of the world.
• The six essential elements of geography highlight some of
the subject’s most important ideas.
Main Idea 1:
The five themes of geography help us
organize our studies of the world.

• Geographers use themes that can be applied to


nearly everything that they study.
– Location
– Place
– Human-Environment Interaction
– Movement
– Regions
Themes of Geography

• Every point on Earth has a location.

Location • Absolute location is a specific description of


where a place is, such as an address.
• Relative location is a general description of
where a place is.

• Place refers to an area’s landscape, the features


Place that define the area and make it different from
other places.
• Can include land, climate, and people
Themes of Geography, continued

• An area’s environment includes its land,


Human-
water, climate, plants, and animals.
Environment
Interaction • Geographers study how people interact with
their environment.

• Study of why and how people move, including


Movement the roads and routes that make movement so
common

• Geographers divide the world into regions.


Regions • Make comparisons between regions to help
geographers learn why each place has
developed the way it has
Main Idea 2:
The six essential elements of geography
highlight some of the subject’s most
important ideas.
• In addition to the five themes, geographers use a system
of standards and essential elements.
– Identify the most important ideas in the study of geography
• National geography standards list 18 basic ideas that are
central to the study of geography.
• Essential elements are based on the standards.
– Each element is a big idea that links several standards
together.
• The six essential elements build on the five themes of
geography, so they are closely related.
Essential Elements of Geography

The World in Spatial Terms Places and Regions


• How to use maps and other
geographic representations, • The physical and human
tools, and technologies to characteristics of places
acquire, process, and report
information from a spatial • How people create regions
perspective to interpret Earth’s
• How to use mental maps to complexity
organize information about • How culture and
people, places, and
environments in a spatial experience influence
context people’s perceptions of
• How to analyze the spatial places and regions
organization of people,
places, and environments
on Earth’s surface
Essential Elements, continued

Physical Systems Human Systems


• The physical processes that • The characteristics,
shape the patterns of Earth’s distributions, and migration of
surface human populations
• The characteristics and spatial • The characteristics,
distribution of ecosystems on distribution, and complexity of
Earth’s surface Earth’s cultural mosaics
• The patterns and networks of
economic interdependence
• The processes, patterns, and
functions of human settlement
• How the forces of cooperation
and conflict among people
influence the division and
control of Earth’s surface
Essential Elements, continued

Environment and The Uses of Geography


Society
• How human actions modify • How to apply geography to
the physical environment interpret the past
• How physical systems affect • How to apply geography to
human systems interpret the present and
plan for the future
• Changes that occur in the
meaning, use, distribution,
and importance of
resources
The Branches of Geography

The Big Idea


Geography is divided into two main branches—physical and
human geography.

Main Ideas
• Physical geography is the study of landforms, water
bodies, and other physical features.
• Human geography focuses on people, their cultures, and
the landscapes they create.
• Other branches of geography examine specific aspects of
the physical or human world.
Main Idea 1:
Physical geography is the study of landforms,
water bodies, and other physical features.
• Physical geography is the study of the world’s features
—its landforms, bodies of water, climates, soils, and
plants.
• Physical geographers
– Want to know all about the different features found on Earth
and what causes them
– Take detailed measurements and track changes over time to
help answer questions
• Reasons to study physical geography include:
– To learn how the world works and to better understand our
world
– To help us to learn to live with Earth’s changes and dangers
and be prepared for them
Main Idea 2:
Human geography focuses on people, their
cultures, and the landscapes they create.

• Human geography is the study of the world’s people,


communities, and landscapes.
• Human geographers
– Study the world’s people, past and present
– Look at where people live and why
– Study what people do
Studying Human Geography

Specialization
• Many human geographers specialize in a specific area
of study because people’s lives are so different around
the world.

Reasons to study human geography include:


• Helping us to better understand people in other
cultures
• Helping people improve their landscapes and
situations
• Making contributions to improve city planning and
development and to protect the environment
Main Idea 3:
Other branches of geography examine
specific aspects of the physical or human
world
• The science of making maps
Cartography • Develop accurate maps on almost any scale
and keep them up to date

• The study of water on Earth


Hydrology • Work to measure and protect world’s supply of
water by studying the world’s river systems
and rainfall patterns

• The study of weather and what causes it


Meteorology • Use information about weather patterns to
make predictions

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