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Understanding Off Nominal Tap Ratio

This document discusses how to model two-winding transformers in PSSE to improve a low voltage bus by adjusting the transformer winding ratios. There are two options: 1) reduce the high voltage winding ratio ("Winding 1 Ratio") to lower the overall transformer turns ratio, or 2) increase the low voltage winding ratio ("Winding 2 Ratio") to raise the overall turns ratio. In both cases, the transformer series impedance remains unchanged so the user must enter it correctly based on test results or nameplate specifications. An impedance table can be used for automatic adjustment.

Uploaded by

Shyamkant Vasekar
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532 views9 pages

Understanding Off Nominal Tap Ratio

This document discusses how to model two-winding transformers in PSSE to improve a low voltage bus by adjusting the transformer winding ratios. There are two options: 1) reduce the high voltage winding ratio ("Winding 1 Ratio") to lower the overall transformer turns ratio, or 2) increase the low voltage winding ratio ("Winding 2 Ratio") to raise the overall turns ratio. In both cases, the transformer series impedance remains unchanged so the user must enter it correctly based on test results or nameplate specifications. An impedance table can be used for automatic adjustment.

Uploaded by

Shyamkant Vasekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding

Winding Ratio
In PSSE
Transformer Parameters
(Tow Winding Transformer Data Record)

In this session we will


learn about how to use
two winding transformer
parameters Winding 1
Ratio and Winding 2 Ratio
Model Power System
90% Load

33kV Bus
Voltage dipped
Two options to improve LV bus voltage to 33kV

For option-1, model


of the transformer is
discussed in next
slide
PSSE Transformer Model
• With both winding • With either or both
winding ratios other than
ratios equal to 1 1

To improve LV Bus Voltage, overall transformer turns ratio t


should be less. For this, you have two options. Either reduce
Winding 1 Ratio parameter (i.e. ti) OR increase Winding 2 Ratio
parameter (i.e. tj)
Improve LV bus voltage by reducing HV winding ratio

Reduce
Improve LV bus voltage by decreasing HV winding
ratio.

First voltage get improved


due to lower ratio HV
modelled transformer and
then power flows through
transformer series
equivalent impedance at
higher voltage. Hence
current flowing through
impedance is less and we
get less losses after having
load flow solution.

by increasing LV winding
ratio.

First power flows through


transformer series
equivalent impedance at
lower voltage and then
voltage get improved due to
higher ratio LV modelled
transformer. Hence current
flowing through impedance
is more and we get more
losses after having load
flow solution.
Modeling the transformer for tap different from normal.

• As seen from previous slide, in both the cases i.e.


either we decrease the “Winding 1 Ratio” or
increase the “Winding 2 Ratio” value for transformer
series impedance does not get modified.
• Hence it is responsibility of user to enter it correctly
either from transformer test result for leakage
reactance at every tap as measured while factory
test or by approximation from name plate details.
• To happen it automatically we have to use
“Impedance Table” parameter properly. (More about
this at latter stage).
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