Introduction to Internet

Module 2
Subject: IWPD
6th Semester BBA (IT)
 History of Internet
• The first workable prototype of the Internet
came in the late 1960s with the creation of
ARPANET or the Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network.
• Originally funded by the U.S. Department of
Defense, ARPANET used packet switching to
allow multiple computers to communicate on
a single network
ARPANET
 Continued…….
• On October 29, 1969, ARPANET delivered its first
message: a “node-to-node” communication from
one computer to another. (The first computer was
located in a research lab at UCLA and the second
was at Stanford; each one was the size of a small
house.)
• The message—“LOGIN”—was short and simple, but
it crashed the fledgling ARPA network anyway: The
Stanford computer only received the note’s first two
letters.
 Continued……
• The technology continued to grow in the
1970s after scientists Robert Kahn and Vinton
Cerf developed Transmission Control Protocol
and Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP, a
communications model that set standards for
how data could be transmitted between
multiple networks. 
 Continued…..
• ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983, and
from there researchers began to assemble the
“network of networks” that became the modern
Internet.
• The online world then took on a more recognizable
form in 1990, when computer scientist Tim Berners-
Lee invented the World Wide Web.
• While it’s often confused with the internet itself, the
web is actually just the most common means of
accessing data online in the form of websites and
hyperlinks. 
 Uses of Internet
• Online Booking & Orders
• Cashless Transactions
• Education & Self Improvement
• Online Banking & Share Trading
• Research & Development
• Electronic Mail
• Job Search
• Social Networking
• Collaboration
• Entertainment
• E-Business & E-Commerce
• File Transfer (Uploading & Downloading)
• Navigation
• Real-Time Updates (Live Updates)
• Electronic Newspaper & Magazines
 Online Support
• https://www.edn.com/top-10-uses-of-the-inte
rnet/
• https://www.javatpoint.com/uses-of-internet
 Client - Server Architecture
• Client-server architecture, architecture of
a computer network in which many clients (remote
processors) request and receive service from a
centralized server (host computer).
• Client computers provide an interface to allow a
computer user to request services of the server
and to display the results the server returns.
Servers wait for requests to arrive from clients and
then respond to them.
 Continued……
• Ideally, a server provides a standardized transparent
interface to clients so that clients need not be aware
of the specifics of the system (i.e.,
the hardware and software) that is providing the
service.
• Clients are often situated at workstations or
on personal computers, while servers are located
elsewhere on the network, usually on more powerful
machines. This computing model is especially effective
when clients and the server each have distinct tasks
that they routinely perform.
Client – Server Architecture
 Example
• In hospital data processing, for example, a client computer
can be running an application program for entering patient
information while the server computer is running another
program that manages the database in which the
information is permanently stored.
• Many clients can access the server’s information
simultaneously, and, at the same time, a client computer
can perform other tasks, such as sending e-mail. Because
both client and server computers are considered
intelligent devices, the client-server model is completely
different from the old “mainframe” model, in which a
centralized mainframe computer performed all the tasks
for its associated “dumb” terminals.
 Server
• A server is a computer or system that provides
resources, data, services, or programs to other
computers, known as clients, over a network. 
• In theory, whenever computers share
resources with client machines they are
considered servers. There are many types of
servers, including web servers, mail servers,
database servers, file servers, print servers,
etc.
 Client
• In computing, a client is a piece of computer
hardware or software that accesses a service
made available by a server as part of
the client–server model of computer
networks.
• The server is often (but not always) on another
computer system, in which case
the client accesses the service by way of a
network.
 Types of Clients
• Thick Client
• Thin Client
 Thick Client
• A thick client also known as Fat, Rich or Heavy
client is one of the component of client server
architecture connected to the server through
a network connection and does not consume
any of the server's computer resources to
execute applications.
• Thick clients generally have some kind of
processing and storage capabilities.
 Thin Client
• A thin client also known as Lean, Zero or Slim
Client is a computer or computer program
that depends heavily on some other computer
(server) to fulfill its computational roles.  
• Thin client only has monitor, mouse and
keyboard and have to depend entirely on the
server to complete any kind of task.
 TCP / IP
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol), also referred to as the Internet Protocol
Suite, is the World Wide Web's core communication
system that enables every Internet-connected device to
communicate with every other such device
simultaneously.
• It is, in essence, a computerized syntax (language) that
is installed on every computer, both for public (Internet)
and private (intranets and extranets) networks. The
development of this protocol has enabled the internet
— and as a result, online commerce — to grow quickly.
 TCP/IP Protocol Suite
• HTTP
• HTTPS
• FTP
• SMTP
• POP3
• TELNET
• TCP
• IP
• UDP