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Lesson 12: Subsets of Real Numbers

This lesson discusses subsets of real numbers. It introduces natural/counting numbers, which are numbers used to count. Whole numbers include counting numbers and zero. Integers include whole numbers and their opposites. Rational numbers can be written as fractions or repeating decimals. Irrational numbers cannot be written exactly as fractions or decimals, like pi and the square root of two. Real numbers are any numbers that can be placed on the real number line, including rational and irrational numbers.

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173 views28 pages

Lesson 12: Subsets of Real Numbers

This lesson discusses subsets of real numbers. It introduces natural/counting numbers, which are numbers used to count. Whole numbers include counting numbers and zero. Integers include whole numbers and their opposites. Rational numbers can be written as fractions or repeating decimals. Irrational numbers cannot be written exactly as fractions or decimals, like pi and the square root of two. Real numbers are any numbers that can be placed on the real number line, including rational and irrational numbers.

Uploaded by

Gladystarucan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 12

Subsets of Real
Numbers
About the Lesson:
This lesson will intensify the study of
mathematics since this requires a good
understanding of the sets of numbers
for easier communication. Classifying
numbers is very helpful as it allows us to
categorize what kind of numbers we are
dealing with every day.
Objectives:
In this lesson, you are expected to :
1. Describe and illustrate the real number
system.
2. Apply various procedures and manipulations
on the different subsets of the set of real
numbers.
a. Describe, represent and compare the
different subsets of real number.
b. Find the union, intersection and
complement of the set of real numbers and its
subsets.
The Real
Number System
I. Activity 1: Try to reflect on these . . .
It is difficult for us to realize that once
upon a time there were no symbols or names
for numbers. In the early days, primitive man
showed how many animals he owned by
placing an equal number of stones in a pile,
or sticks in a row. Truly our number system
evolved over hundreds of years.
Sharing Ideas! What do you think?
1. In what ways do you think did primitive
man need to use numbers?
2. Why do you think he needed names or
words to tell “how many”?
3. How did number symbols come about?
4. What led man to invent numbers, words
and symbols?
Activity 2: LOOK AROUND!
Fifteen different words/partitions of
numbers are hidden in this puzzle. How
many can you find? Look up, down,
across, backward, and diagonally.
Figures are scattered around that will
serve as clues to help you locate the
mystery words.
𝜋 ,𝑒 ,√3
 
  2 7 100%,
, 15%, 25%
3 5

0.25,  -1,
0, 1, , ,
-6 , . ..
-4, -5, 0.33... 0.25, 0.1313...

0
1, 2, 3 , …
0,
...,-3, -2,
-1, 0, 1, 2,
1, 2, 3, … 3, ...
N A F R A C T I O N S I
S P B A C C D Z W N E L
T E O F T O G E H E R A
O R H S I U J R O G A M
I C R K I N R O L A T I
L E E L M T N A E T I C
A N A O P I I Q L I O E
R T L R S N T V U V N D
U I N T E G E R E E A A
T I R R A T I O N A L I
A N O N I N T E G E R S
N N U M N U M B E R S S
Answer the following questions:
1. How many words in the puzzle were
familiar to you?
2. What word/s have you encountered
in your early years? Define and give
examples.
3. What word/s is/are still strange to
you?
Activity 3: Determine what set of numbers will
represent the following situations:
1. Finding out how many cows there are in a barn
2. Corresponds to no more apples inside the basket
3. Describing the temperature in the North Pole
4. Representing the amount of money each
member gets when P200 prize is divided among 3
members
5. Finding the ratio of the circumference to the
diameter of a circle, denoted π (read “pi”)
The set of numbers called the
real number system consists of
different partitions/ subsets that
can be represented graphically
on a number line.
II. Questions to Ponder
Consider the activities done earlier and recall the
different terms you encountered including the set
of real numbers and together let us determine the
various subsets. Let us go back to the first time we
encountered the numbers...

Let's talk about the various subsets of real numbers.


Early Years...
1. What subset of real
numbers do children learn at
an early stage when they
were just starting to talk? Give
examples.
One subset is the counting (or
natural) numbers. This subset
includes all the numbers we use
to count starting with "1" and so
on. The subset would look like
this: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5...}
In School at an Early Phase...
2. What do you call the subset of
real numbers that
includes zero (the number that
represents nothing) and is
combined with the subset of real
numbers learned in the
early years? Give examples.
Another subset is the whole
numbers. This subset is exactly
like the subset of counting
numbers, with the addition of
one extra number. This extra
number is "0". The subset would
look like this:{0, 1, 2, 3, 4...}
In School at Middle Phase...
3. What do you call the subset of
real numbers that includes negative
numbers (that came from the
concept of “opposites” and
specifically used in describing debt
or below zero temperature) and is
united with the whole numbers?
Give examples.
A third subset is the integers.
This subset includes all the
whole numbers and their
“opposites”. The subset would
look like this: {... -4, -3, -2, -1, 0,
1, 2, 3, 4...}
Still in School at Middle Period...
4. What do you call the subset of
real numbers that includes integers
and non-integers and are useful in
representing concepts like “half a
gallon of milk”? Give examples.
The next subset is the rational
numbers. This subset includes all
numbers that "come to an end"
or numbers that repeat and have
a pattern. Examples of rational
numbers are: 5.34,
0.131313..., , , 9
5. What do you call the subset of
real numbers that is not a rational
number but are physically
represented like “the diagonal of a
square”?
 
Lastly we have the set of irrational
numbers. This subset includes
numbers that cannot be exactly
written as a decimal or fraction.
Irrational numbers cannot be
expressed as a ratio of two integers.
Examples of irrational numbers are:
,,.
Important Terms to Remember
The following are terms that you must remember
from this point on.
1. Natural/Counting Numbers – are the numbers
we use in counting things, that is {1, 2, 3, 4, . . . }.
The three dots, called ellipses, indicate that the
pattern continues indefinitely.
2. Whole Numbers – are numbers consisting of the
set of natural or counting numbers and zero.
3. Integers – are the result of the union of the set of
whole numbers and the negative of counting
numbers.
 

4. Rational Numbers – are numbers that can be


expressed as a quotient of two integers. The
integer a is the numerator while the integer b,
which cannot be 0 is the denominator. This set
includes fractions and some decimal numbers.
5. Irrational Numbers – are numbers that cannot be
expressed as a quotient of two integers. Every
irrational number may be represented by a decimal
that neither repeats nor terminates.
6. Real Numbers – are any of the numbers from the
preceding subsets. They can be found on the real
number line. The union of rational numbers and
irrational numbers is the set of real numbers.
7. Number Line – a straight line extended on both
directions as illustrated by arrowheads and is used
to represent the set of real numbers. On the real
number line, there is a point for every real number
and there is a real number for every point.
III. Exercises
A. Determine the subset of real numbers to which
each number belongs. Use a tick mark
(√) to answer.
Number Whole Integer Rational Irrational
Number
1. -86
2. 34.74
3.
4.
5.
6. -0.125
6.
7. -0.125
-
8. e
8.
9. e-45.37
9.
10.-45.37
-1.2525252
10. -1.2525252
B. Complete the details in the Hierarchy Chart of
the Set of Real Numbers.

THE REAL NUMBER SYSTEM

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