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Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation

The document discusses map reading and land navigation. It covers key topics such as map scales, direction methods like azimuth and degrees, standard map symbols and colors, grid coordinate systems, and techniques for locating points including intersection, resection, modified resection and polar plot. Methods of navigation using compasses are also presented.

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Jovie Masongsong
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2K views29 pages

Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation

The document discusses map reading and land navigation. It covers key topics such as map scales, direction methods like azimuth and degrees, standard map symbols and colors, grid coordinate systems, and techniques for locating points including intersection, resection, modified resection and polar plot. Methods of navigation using compasses are also presented.

Uploaded by

Jovie Masongsong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAP READING

AND
LAND NAVIGATION

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
MAP

- is a graphic representation of a
portion of the earth's surface drawn
to scale, as seen from above.

- It uses colors, symbols, and labels


to represent features found on the
ground.

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
CATEGORIES
SCALE
SMALL SCALE - 1:1,000,000 & SMALLER
used for general planning & for strategic studies
standard small scale map is 1:1,000,000.
MEDIUM SCALE – 1:75,000-1:1,000,000
Used for operational planning
standard medium-scale map is 1:250,000.
LARGE SCALE - 1:75,000 & LARGER
used for tactical, administrative, and logistical
planning
Standard large scale is 1:50,000
HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS
Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
SMALL
1:1,000,000 & smaller

MEDIUM

1:75,000  1:1,000,000

LARGE SCALE

1:75,000 & LARGER


HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS
Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
Methods of expressing Direction
• AZIMUTH & DIRECTION

• Degree - the most common unit of


measure
– 360 DEGREES IN A CIRCLE

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Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
DEGREE
• 360 DEGREES IN A CIRCLE
• 1° = 0°
60’
360°
• 1’ = 60”

270° 90°

180°
HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS
Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
TOPOGRAPHIC SYMBOLS

HOUSE BUILDING TRAIL BRIDGE

SCHOOL QUARRY FOOTPATH BUILT UP


AREA

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
STANDARD COLORS OF
TOPOGRAPHIC SYMBOLS

• BLACK
• REDDISH BROWN
• BLUE
• GREEN
• BROWN
• RED
HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS
Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
COLORS USED IN CONVENTIONAL
SIGNS
RED
- depicts
classification
of roads,
built-up
areas &
special
features
HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS
Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
BLUE – Water Features
(Hydrography)

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Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
GREEN - represents vegetation

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Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
BLACK -
represents man-
made objects. i.e.
buildings, tower,
etc

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Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
BROWN --
BROWN
depicts
depicts relief
relief
andand
elevation
elevation
such as
such as
contours on
contours
older mapson
older maps

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
PRINCIPLE IN READING MAP
COORDINATES
READ “RIGHT-UP”

RIGHT - OBJECTIVE RELATIVE TO


THE VERTICAL GRID LINE

UP - OBJECTIVE RELATIVE TO THE


HORIZONTAL GRID LINE

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
PRINCIPLE IN READING MAP
COORDINATES

RIGHT UP
NEAREST 1000 M 98 05

NEAREST 100 M 983 057

NEAREST 10 M 9832 0579


HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS
Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
86
READING COORDINATES USING MGRS
EXAMPLE 1
86
A 7

85
85
6
NEAREST 1000M
GS: ____ ____
84
NEAREST 100M

83 GC: 15___ 85____


13 14 15
15 16 17 18
HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS
Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
86
EXAMPLE 2
16

86

85

B
84 3
84
9
GC: _____ ______
83
13 14 15 16 17 18
HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS
Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
86
Plotting coordinates
GS: ______
16 84______
86

c
85
Nearest 100m
5 84_____
GC: 16____ 7

84

83
13 14 15 16 17 18
HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS
Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
METHODS OF LOCATING POINTS

• Intersection
• Resection
• Modified resection
• Polar plot

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
INTERSECTION - is the location of
an unknown point by successively
occupying at least two (preferably 3)
known positions on the ground and
then map sighting on the unknown
point.

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
RESECTION – the method of locating
one’s position on a map by
determining the grid azimuth to at
least two (preferably 3) locations that
can be pinpointed on the map.

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
MODIFIED RESECTION - is the
method of locating one’s position on
the map when the person is located
on a linear feature on the ground
such as a road, stream, etc.

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
POLAR PLOT - a method of locating
or plotting an unknown position from
a known point by giving a direction
and distance along that direction line

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Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
NAVIGATION
TECHNIQUE AND
METHODS

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
TYPES OF COMPASSES

1. THE LENSATIC COMPAS


- COMMOM AND SIMPLEST INSTRUMENT
FOR MEASUERING DIRECTION

2. THE ARTILLERY M2 COMPASS


- SPECIAL PURPOSE INSTRUMENT
DESIGNED FOR ACCURACY

3. WRIST/POCKET COMPASS
- ATTACHED TO A WRISTWATCHBAND

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
Lensatic Compass

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Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
USING A COMPASS
Center hold technique

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Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
Compass to cheek technique

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation
ORIENTING A MAP

1. DETERMINE DECLINATION
ANGLE.
2. PLACE COMPASS
ALONGSIDE NORTH-
SOUTH GRIDLINES.
3. ROTATE THE MAP AND
COMPASS TOGETHER.
4. ALIGN NORTH SEEKING
ARROW WITH RESPECT
TO THE VALUE OF
DECLINATION ANGLE.

HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS


Ref: SP 8-032 Map Reading and Land Navigation

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