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Introduction To The Global Positioning System

The GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 24 satellites orbiting the Earth. It was developed by the US Department of Defense to provide precise positioning and timing data to users worldwide. GPS uses satellites to transmit signals that can be processed by receivers to calculate the user's location, velocity, and time. The system has three segments - space, control, and user - and provides positioning, navigation, and timing services to both military and civilian users.

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Luqman Bin Jamil
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37 views11 pages

Introduction To The Global Positioning System

The GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 24 satellites orbiting the Earth. It was developed by the US Department of Defense to provide precise positioning and timing data to users worldwide. GPS uses satellites to transmit signals that can be processed by receivers to calculate the user's location, velocity, and time. The system has three segments - space, control, and user - and provides positioning, navigation, and timing services to both military and civilian users.

Uploaded by

Luqman Bin Jamil
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to the

Global Positioning System

Equipped By :
Luqman Bin Jamil
Adnan Shah
What is the GPS?
 Orbiting navigational satellites
 Transmit position and time data
 Handheld receivers calculate
 latitude
 longitude
 altitude
 velocity
What is the Global Positioning
System?
 Department of Defense developed, worldwide,
satellite-based radio navigation system
 Consists of 24 operational satellites
 Provides specially coded satellite signals that can
be processed in a GPS receiver, enabling the
receiver to compute position, velocity and time
 Four GPS satellite signals are used to compute
positions in three dimensions and the time offset
in the receiver clock
History of the GPS
 1969—Defense Navigation Satellite
System (DNSS) formed
 1973—NAVSTAR Global Positioning
System developed
 1978—first 4 satellites
launched
Delta rocket launch
History of the GPS
 1993—24th satellite
launched;(21 active, 3
spare) initial
operational capability
 1995—full operational
capability
 May 2000—Military
accuracy available to
all users
Satellites
 Each GPS satellite orbits the Earth twice a day
 Each satellite transmits signals to Earth
 GPS receivers measure the time between when
satellites sent a signal relative to the GPS
receiver receiving the signal
 Tells how far away the satellite is
 Signals from several satellites will give accurate
results
Component of the System
Space segment
 24 satellite vehicles
 Six orbital planes
 Inclined 55o with respect
to equator
 Orbits separated by 60o
 20,200 km elevation above
Earth
 Orbital period of 11 hr 55
min
 Five to eight satellites
visible from any point on
Earth
Block I Satellite Vehicle
Where are the 24 GPS satellites?
 The 24 GPS satellites (21 active, 3
spare) are in orbit at 10,600 miles
above the earth. The satellites are
spaced so that from any point on
earth, four satellites will be above
the horizon. Each satellite contains
a computer, an atomic clock, and a
radio. With an understanding of its
own orbit and the clock, the
satellite continually broadcasts its
changing position and time On the
ground, any GPS receiver contains
a computer that "triangulates" its
own position by getting bearings
from three of the four satellites.
The result is provided in the form of
a geographic position - longitude
and latitude - to, for most receivers,
within a few meters
Three Segments of the GPS
Space Segment

User Segment

Control Segment

Ground
Antennas
Master Station Monitor Stations
Four Basic Functions of GPS

Position and coordinates.


The distance and direction between
any two waypoints, or a position and a
waypoint.
Travel progress reports.
Accurate time measurement.
Position is Based on Time

Signal leaves satellite at time “T”


T

Signal is picked up by the


T+3 receiver at time “T + 3”
Distance between satellite
and receiver = “3 times the
speed of light”

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