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Structure of Solids

This document discusses the classification and structure of different types of solids. It describes crystalline solids as having a highly regular arrangement of components, while amorphous solids have considerable disorder. Crystalline solids are characterized by a lattice structure made up of repeating unit cells. Key types of crystalline solids include ionic solids composed of metal and non-metal ions, molecular solids of non-metal molecules, and atomic solids of single elements. Atomic solids can be metallic with delocalized bonding, network solids with directional covalent bonds, or noble gases with weak London dispersion forces.

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Anancy Reza Ngarbingan
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944 views16 pages

Structure of Solids

This document discusses the classification and structure of different types of solids. It describes crystalline solids as having a highly regular arrangement of components, while amorphous solids have considerable disorder. Crystalline solids are characterized by a lattice structure made up of repeating unit cells. Key types of crystalline solids include ionic solids composed of metal and non-metal ions, molecular solids of non-metal molecules, and atomic solids of single elements. Atomic solids can be metallic with delocalized bonding, network solids with directional covalent bonds, or noble gases with weak London dispersion forces.

Uploaded by

Anancy Reza Ngarbingan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure of Solids

Chapter 11
Part III
Classification of Solids
• Crystalline • Amorphous
• Solids with highly • Solids with
regular arrangement considerable disorder
of components in their structure.
X-ray Diffraction
• X-ray Diffraction is commonly used to
determine the structure of a solid.
• X-ray diffraction is explained on page 420.
Crystalline Solids
• A Lattice represents
the regular positioning
of the components of
a crystal.
• A Lattice is the three
dimensional system
of points designating
the positions of the
components.
• The smallest
repeating unit of the
lattice is called the
Unit Cell.
Unit Cell-Simple Cubic, Body
centered cubic & Face centered
cubic.
Types of Crystalline Solid
• Ionic Solids: metal and non metal
• Molecular solids: non metal and non metal
• Atomic solids: single element
Ionic Solids: metal and non metal
• Ionic substances
have ions at the point
of the lattice that
describe the structure
of the compound.
• Examples: NaCl,
FeSO4, Al2S3
Molecular solid: non metal and non
metal
• Molecular solids have
discrete covalently
bonded molecules at
the end of each of its
lattice points.
• See ice →
Atomic solids: single element
• Atomic solids all have
atoms at the points of
the lattice that
describes the
structure of the solid.
• This example is
diamond a network
covalent solid.
• Other examples
include, boron, silicon
and all metals.
Types of solids
Atomic solids: Three types
• Metallic Solids
• Network Solids
• Group VIIIA solids
Metallic Solids
• These have a type of
delocalized non-
directional covalent
bonding.
• Examples are Cs and
Au
Network Solids
• The atoms bond to
each other with strong
directional covalent
bonds that lead to
macromolecules or
networks of atoms.
Group VIIIA solids
• Noble gases are
attracted to one
another at low
temperatures with
weak London
dispersion forces.
• The examples are Kr
and Xe. Both are
cubic close packed.
Summary
Classification of solids
Molecular Ionic
Atomic Solids Solids Solids
Metallic Network Group VIIIA
Components
that ocupy Group
the lattice Nonmetal VIIIA Discrete
points Metal Ions atoms atoms molecules Ions
Dipole-dipole
Directional London and/or London
Delocalized Covalent Dispersion dispersion
Bonding covalent (marcomolecules) Forces forces Ionic
Structure and Bonding in Metals

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