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What Is The Centralized Region Inside The Atom Where The Protons and Neutrons Are Located and Holds Most of The Atom's Mass?

The document describes different models of the atom over time based on experiments. It discusses activities for students to simulate Thomson's "plum pudding" model and Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus from his gold foil experiment. Students will create models of each and predict/observe how alpha particles interact with atoms. They will present their findings and schematic representations showing the evolution of scientific understanding of the atom from the early diffuse models to the discovery of the dense central nucleus.

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JAMES RYAN EDMA
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64 views35 pages

What Is The Centralized Region Inside The Atom Where The Protons and Neutrons Are Located and Holds Most of The Atom's Mass?

The document describes different models of the atom over time based on experiments. It discusses activities for students to simulate Thomson's "plum pudding" model and Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus from his gold foil experiment. Students will create models of each and predict/observe how alpha particles interact with atoms. They will present their findings and schematic representations showing the evolution of scientific understanding of the atom from the early diffuse models to the discovery of the dense central nucleus.

Uploaded by

JAMES RYAN EDMA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is the centralized region inside


the atom where the protons and
neutrons are located and holds most
of the atom’s mass?

PROTON (p+) and NEUTRON (n0)


OBJECTIVES:
Simulate and describe Thomson’s model of the atom

Simulate and describe Rutherford’s model of the atom

Recognize the importance of performing an experiment to


prove the validity of a model.
MODELS OF
THE ATOM
DIFFERENTIATED ACTIVITY
Each group will have their respective differentiated activity about
the evolution of the atomic models.

Group 1: Mystery Box


Group 2: “Cathode Ray Tube Experiment” Plum Pudding Model
Group 3: Prediction Vs Actual Result “Nuclear Model
Group 4: Schematic Representation of the Atoms of the Gold Foil
Group 1: Mystery Box
1. Get the activity box from your teacher. Write the box number on your worksheet.
Inside the box are the “mystery object” which is fixed in place and one marble. Without
opening the box, guess the shape, size and location of the mystery object.
Q1. What is the shape of your “mystery object”?
Q2. What is the size of the “mystery object”? Draw a picture of the “mystery object”
showing its size relative to the box.
Q3. Where is it located in the box? Draw a picture of the “mystery object” showing its
location within the box.
Q4. How were you able to infer the shape, size and location of the “mystery object” in the
box?
2. Open the box and check how close you are in guessing the size, shape and location of
the “mystery object”.
Q5. How close was your guess? If given the chance to guess another “mystery object”, will
you change your strategy? If yes, what changes will these be?
Group 2: “Cathode Ray Tube Experiment” Plum Pudding
Model
1. The group will watch a video about the Cathode Ray Tube experiment conducted by
J.J Thomson.
Q1: What happened to the cathode ray when the positive side of the magnet was place
near to it?
Q2: What happened to the cathode ray when the positive side of the magnet was place
near to it?
Q3: If like charges repel and unlike charges attract, what can we infer about the charges
carried by the cathode rays? Is it negatively charged or positively charged? Why?
 
2. Create a model of the Plum Pudding based on the description below.
“Thomson proposed that the negatively-charged electrons were embedded in a kind of
cloud or soup of positive charge”
ACTIVITY 3: PREDICTION VS ACTUAL RESULT “Plum
Pudding Model”
Based on the Plum Pudding Model, negatively-charged electrons were
embedded in a kind of cloud or soup of positive charge. In science, models,
based on observations from experiments are tested further, sometimes by
other scientists, to determine their validity.

TASK
Your task as a group is to confirm if the positively charged alpha particles will
completely pass through the atom.
ACTIVITY 3: PREDICTION VS ACTUAL
RESULT “Plum Pudding Model”
1. Tear 20, very small pieces of paper, the size of mongo beans.
2. Scatter the pieces in a circle on the floor, about one foot in diameter.
Imagine these to be the electrons in the Thomson’s raisin bread model
of the atom.
3. As forcefully as you can, slide the coin to hit the circle of paper
pieces. Imagine the coin to be the high speed alpha particle in
Rutherford’s experiment.
Q1. What do you observe? What happened to the coin?
ACTIVITY 3: PREDICTION VS ACTUAL
RESULT “Plum Pudding Model”
4. If you repeat what you did with the coin and the paper pieces many times,
do you think you will make the same observation as you did above about what
happens to the coin?
Watch a video about the Gold Foil Experiment conducted by Ernest Rutherford
and his team.

5. Create a new model called Nuclear Model of the atom, based on the
description below;
“Rutherford’s Nuclear Model described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively
charged core called nucleus in which all the mass is concentrated and around it
are negatively charged particles called electrons”
GROUP 4: SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION
OF THE ATOMS OF THE GOLD FOIL
1. Refer to Figure 3 in the next page. Using this
schematic representation of the atoms of the gold
foil, draw the path of the positively-charged alpha
particles as they move through the atoms.

Q1. What happens to a positively-charged alpha


particle that comes near the positively-charged
nucleus?
Q2. What happens when the positively-charged
alpha particle directly hits the positively-charged
nucleus?
GROUP 4: SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION
OF THE ATOMS OF THE GOLD FOIL
Q3. Imagining this relative size of the nucleus
compared to the atom, would there be many more or
fewer alpha particles that would pass through the
gold foil undeflected compared to the number in your
schematic representation?

Q4. What do you think are the chances of the alpha


particle directly hitting the nucleus?
PRESENTATION
OF OUTPUT
GROUP 1
SOLID SPHERE MODEL
SOLID SPHERE
MODEL

• Proposed by John Dalton


• The atom is tiny as solid sphere or
a billiard ball with no parts.
GROUP 2
PLUM PUDDING MODEL
CATHODE RAY TUBE
EXPERIMENT
J.J. THOMSON model of the
atom
PLUM PUDDING
MODEL

• Proposed by J.J Thomson


• Negative electrons stuck
inside and on the surface
of a positive pudding.
• Atom’s mass and positive
charge is widely spread.
GROUP 3
NUCLEAR MODEL

ERNEST RUTHERFORD
model of the atom
GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT
GROUP 4
NUCLEAR MODEL
How would you REACT?
• Let us say you are a scientist, and you found out a new model of the
atom. What are you going to do next?
• Let us say you have some doubts about your close friend and you feel
something was not right. What are the things that you should do first
as a systematic and critical thinking person?
3-2-1 NOTES
WRITE IN YOUR NOTEBOOOK:

3- Things you learned


2- Things you want to ask
1- Thing you want to learn more
QUIZ
ASS- IGN- MENT
Define the following:
a. Isotope b. Ion c. Mass number
THE END

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