Grammar Review;

Part of Speech, Tenses,

and Active and Passive Voice

by: Ashri Shollina, M.Pd.

Part of Speech
1. Noun Based on their use and functions,
words are categorized into several
2. Pronoun types or parts of speech.
3. Adjective
4. Verb
No Project Vo
5. Adverb Adverb Co-
6. Conjunction PrInter
7. Preposition
8. Interjection
Nouns
A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
Nouns could be the subject/object of a
sentence.

Examples:
Pharmacists are healthcare professionals.
Anastasia is filling the prescription.
The bakery made some delicious pancakes
She learns how to drive safely.
Common and Proper Nouns
Common Noun- A noun that does not name a
specific person, place or thing.
I played basketball in gym class today

Proper Noun- A noun that names a specific person,

place or thing
STIFAR is a great place to learn!
Cita Citata is the best Dangdut singer.
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.

Examples:
Personal Pronouns : I, me, my, you, your, he, she, it , us, we,
they, them, his, her, their, mine, our, myself, himself, herself,
itself, yourself, themselves, ourselves
Interrogative and Relative Pronouns: who, what, when,where,
whose, whom, which, how, that
Indefinite Pronouns : anybody, anyone, everybody, nobody,
someone, somebody
Demonstrative Pronouns : this that, these, those
Examples
I sing loudly in the shower
I replaces someone more specific like girl, boy, Bob, or
Mrs. Ryan.

Which one is the pronoun?

Erin likes to eat / She likes to eat
Adjectives
An adjective is a word that describes a noun or
pronoun. It tells what kind, how many, or which one.
OSACNaMaNo

Examples
Beautiful girls
Smart students
Erin has blonde hair.
They are hard workers
Verbs
A verb is the action of the sentence. It shows what
someone or something is doing.

Examples:
The doctor examines the patient
The students were learning about drugs dosage forms
Clarissa decided to be a pharmacist
Adverbs
An adverb describes how the action is performed.
They tell how much, how often, when and where
something is done.

Fero runs 5km for about an hour. She is so quickly.

Surprisingly, he lose his weight in a month.
They performed Kecak dance beautifully yesterday.
Conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins words or word
groups together. Some examples conjunctions are:
and, but, or, nor, because, although, yet, so, and also.

Examples
Ghania loves to swim and play at the beach.
Because the rain is falling hard, we don’t go to the
party.
Preposition
A preposition is a word that shows position or,
direction. Some examples are in, at, on, for, from,
of, under, below, over, above, etc
Examples
They are getting married on Friday at six o’clock in the
evening.
She is only thinking of her exams.
A mass rapid train runs under the ground.
Interjection
Interjection- An interjection is a word that shows
strong emotion. Such examples are Wow!, Ouch!,
Hurray!, and Oh no!
Interjections can really liven up a sentence. They
help to add voice to your writing.
 Example:
Wow! You did a fabulous job.
Ouch! A bee bites my finger.
Check Your Understanding
1. They attended the concert last weekend.
2. Several cats ran into Rob’s garage.
3. The truck driver delivered the packages quickly.
4. Fast runners won all the awards at the track meet.
5. My friends and I walked home after school.
6. I wanted a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch yesterday.
7. She was counting the ballots during social studies class.
8. Hey ! That is my seat.
9. Will they finish the test on time?
10. The diagram was pretty complicated for us.
11. He will practice his musical piece soon.
12. Reggie saw the awesome sight from the air.
13. Her sister is the oldest member of the group.
14. Check the score, Tom.
15. Will the students be able to find the answer by themselves ?
16. Are you sure of yourself ?
17. They slowly carried the couch down the stairs.
18. Can you see beyond the hills from the top of the tower?
19. Hurray ! Our team has finally scored a touchdown.
20. The troop had been scattered throughout the woods.
Sentence Patterns
Sentence Pattern
John / laughed. (SV)
John / kissed / Jane. (SVDO)
John / gave / Jane / a present. (SVIODO)
John / is / tall. (SVC)
John / made / Jane / angry. (SVDOC)
John / lives / here. (SVA)
John / put / the bag / down. (SVOA)

S = Subject O = Object A = Adverb

V = Verb C = Complement
(SV)
S/V The simplest sentence pattern is subject + verb.
Ex:
News spreads.
I cried.

(In this case, the verb is intransitive: it does not take an

object)
Transitive  needs an object, Intransitive  doesnt
need th eobject.
(SVDO)
A direct object, which is a noun or pronoun that
receives the action of the verb.
Ex :
1. A pharmacy student brings a book
2. The chinese people own several companies.
(SVIODO)
Ex :
I sent John a gift.

To find the direct object, ask, “who or what?” I sent a

gift, so gift is the direct object.
To find the indirect object, ask, “To whom did I send the
gift?” I sent the gift to John, so John is the indirect object.
Exercises
1. They bought our family roasted chicken.
2. . Johnny writes Mr. King an interesting article.
3. She showed the audience her talent.
4. The tutor taught her student polite expressions.
5. She gave her husband a nice watch.
7. He brought my sister some flowers.
8. I wrote my classmates a message.
9. His boss made them sandwiches.
10. He promised his soon-to-be-wife a diamond ring
(SVC)
Ex :
1. She is a pharmacist (Complement Nouns )
2. The winner is me. (Complement Proouns)
3. The doctor is beautiful (Complement Adj)

A complement completes or describes or explains

the subject.
Complements are used with linking verbs. The chief
linking verbs come from the family of verbs call to be
(SVDOC)
Ex:
We named our dog Bruno.
He made me angry.
The sun turned it yellow.
Studying keeps him busy.
Alice cut her hair short.
(SVA) and (SVDOA)
Ex:
Elephants live here.
He is lying on the floor.

Ex:
I put the book on the table
The school organizes a tour to North India.
The new Principal stated his policy clearly.
Exercises
1. The speaker was very interesting and informmative.
2. Mr. Marquez is handsome.
3. Clara is my sister.
4. He called his brother a genius.
5. The dye turned my hair purple.
6. He was at school.
8. She got into the car.
9. The meeting is at eight.
10. Everyone attends the meeting regularly.
11. People throw the garbage on the road.
12. My daughter plays key board very well.
 Tenses
Simple.... Progressive.... Perfect.... And
Perfect Progressive.....
Simple Present
for permanent situations
and states
for repeated/habitual actions
for permanenth thruths
 always....usually....habitually....
Examples:
It snows in Alaska.
Tom watches TV every day.
Simple Past
 happened at particular time in the
past
Began and ended in the past

Examples
It snowed yesterday.
Tom watched TV last night.
Simple Future
At particular time in the future, this
will happen
Will : for actions or predictions which
may (not) happen in the future
Be going to : for planned actions or
Intentions, intended to do in the near
future

Examples:
It is going to snow tomorrow.
Tom will watch TV tonight.
Present Progressive
an action is in progress during a
particular time.
an action begins before, is in progress
during, and probably will continue

Examples:
Tom is sleeping right now.
It is now 11:00. Tom went to sleep at
10:00 tonight, and he is still asleep. His
sleep began in the past, is in progress at
the present time, and probably will
continue.
Past Progressive
for past action in progress
interrupted by another past
action. the shorter action is in the
past simple and the longer in the
past continuous.
Example:
Tom was sleeping when I arrived.
Tom went to sleep at 10:00 last
night. I arrived at 11:00. He was still
asleep. His sleep began before and
was in progress at a particular time in
the past. It continued after I arrived.
Future Progressive
for the actions in progress at a stated
future time

Example:
Tom will be sleeping when we arrive.
Tom will go to sleep at 10:00 tomorrow
night. We will arrive at 11:00. The action
of sleeping will begin before we arrive,
and it will be in progress at a particular
time in the future. Probably his sleep will
continue.
Present Perfect
for recently completed actions
for actions which happened at an
ustated past time and are connected
with the present
Example:
Tom has already eaten.
Past Perfect
for past action which occured
before another action or before a
stated past time.

Example:
Tom had already eaten when his
friend arrived.

First Tom finished eating. Later his

friend arrived. Tom’s eating was
completely finished before another time in
the past.
Future Perfect
for actions which will be finished
before a stated future time

Example:
Tom w ill already have eaten when his
friend arrives.

First Tom will finish eating. Later his

friend will arrive. Tom’s eating will be
completely finished before another time in
the future.
Present Perfect Progressive
for actions started in the past and
continuing up to the present .

Example:
Tom has been studying for two hours.

Event in progress: studying. When?

Before now, up to now. How long? For two
hours.
Past Perfect Progressive
for action continuing over a
period up to a specific time in the
past.

Example:
Tom had been studying for two
hours before his friend came.

Event in progress: studying. When?

Before another event in the past. How
long? For two hours.
Future Perfect Progressive
for duration of an action which up to
a certain time in the future

Example:
Tom will have been studying for two
hours by the time his friend
arrives.

Event in progress: studying. When?

Before another event in the future. How
long? For two hours.
Passive Voice
Passive Voice
1. Simple : to be + V3
They send an invitation.  An invitation is sent.
They sent an invitation.  An invitation was sent.

2. Progressive : To be + being +V3

They are sending an invitation.  An invitation is being
sent.
They were sending an invitation.  An invitation was being
sent.

3. Perfect : Been + V3
hey have sent an invitation.  An invitation has been sent.
They had sent an invitation.  An invitation had been sent.

4.Modality :be + V3
They will send an invitation.  An invitation will be sent.
Conjunctions
Coordinanting Conjunctions
It joins words, phrases, clauses to one another equally.
FANBOYS : for and nor but or yet so

Most chilldren like cookies and milk.

The medicine is not in the drawer but on the table.
I don’t believe on what you say or what yo do.
I will be late to the party, for I am working until seven.
Sally does not like the mountains, nor does she like the
ocean.
I love chocolate, yet I do not eat chocolate ice cream.
She was late to work, so her boss made her stay after five.
Correlative Conjunctions
I want either the cheesecake or the frozen hot
chocolate.
I’ll have both the cheesecake and the frozen hot
chocolate.
I didn’t know whether you want the cheesecake or
the frozen hot chocolate, so I got you both.
Oh, you want neither the cheesecake nor the frozen
hot chocolate? No problem.
I’ll eat them both - not only the cheesecake but also
the frozen hot chocolate.
I see you’re in the mood not for dessert but
appetizers. I’ll help you with those too.
Subordinanting Conjunctions
It joins dependent clause and independent clause
Adverbial Conjunctions
A conjunctive adverb can join two main clauses. Using
semicolon.
accordingly however nonetheless
also indeed otherwise
besides instead similarly
consequently likewise still
conversely meanwhile subsequently
finally moreover then
furthermore nevertheless therefore
hence next thus