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Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation

This document provides information about a course on advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics. The course code is MLTMB-1303 and it is taught by Syeda Rida Shah. The document covers various topics related to bacterial genetics including mutations, types of mutations, and different mechanisms of gene transfer between bacteria such as conjugation, transduction, and transformation. It provides details on conjugation using Hfr bacteria, generalized and specialized transduction using bacteriophages, and the process of bacterial transformation including factors that influence transformation efficiency. The learning outcomes are to understand these concepts of mutations, gene transfer mechanisms, conjugation, transduction, and transformation.

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Maham Ch
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485 views35 pages

Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation

This document provides information about a course on advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics. The course code is MLTMB-1303 and it is taught by Syeda Rida Shah. The document covers various topics related to bacterial genetics including mutations, types of mutations, and different mechanisms of gene transfer between bacteria such as conjugation, transduction, and transformation. It provides details on conjugation using Hfr bacteria, generalized and specialized transduction using bacteriophages, and the process of bacterial transformation including factors that influence transformation efficiency. The learning outcomes are to understand these concepts of mutations, gene transfer mechanisms, conjugation, transduction, and transformation.

Uploaded by

Maham Ch
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University Institute of Medical Lab Technology

(UIMLT)

Course Name: ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR


BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS

Course Code: MLTMB-1303

Teacher’s Name :Syeda Rida Shah


Designation: Senior lecturer

THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE


BACTERIAL GENETICS
Learning Objectives:

 Mutations
 Types of mutation
 Gene Transfer in Bacteria
 Conjugation
 Hfr Conjugation
 Transduction
 Transformation
MUTATIONS
• Change in the nucleotide sequence of a
gene, usually resulting from an error
during DNA replication

Can be:

Harmful

Lethal

Helpful

Silent
MUTATIONS


Lethal mutation: results in death of the
cell, and therefore cannot be propagated or
studied

Conditional mutation: One that is
expressed only under certain environmental
conditions; for example, a temperature-
sensitive mutation
MUTATIONS

Spontaneous mutation: one that arises
spontaneously due to error during DNA
replication


Induced mutation: one that has been caused
by damage resulting from chemical or
radiation treatment (mutagen)
MUTATIONS


Biochemical mutations: result in
change in a biochemical pathway of
the cell; for example, an auxotrophic
mutation
GENETIC TRANSFER IN BACTERIA
• Genetic transfer-results in genetic variation
• Genetic variation-needed for evolution
• Three ways:

Conjugation: plasmids transferred 1
bacteria to another via a pilus

Transduction: DNA transferred from 1
bacteria to another by a virus

Transformation: genes transferred from
one bacterium to another as “naked” DNA
CONJUGATION
GENE TRANSFER IN BACTERIA
• Conjugation

A process of gene transfer from a living
donor cell to a living recipient cell

Typically, the donor cell will possess
conjugative structures on its surface that
attach the donor cell to the recipient cell.
The conjugative structures will also mediate
the transfer of DNA from the donor to the
recipient.
GENE TRANSFER IN BACTERIA
• Conjugation

The ability to conjugate is often encoded on
a plasmid.

For example: In Escherichia coli,
conjugation is mediated by the F pili that are
encoded for by genes on the F plasmid.
WHAT IS HFr Cell?
• When F factor/ plasmid exists in an integrated state
with the host chromosome.
• Hfr bacteria conjugate just like F+ do, but they drag
a copy of the entire chromosome into the F-cell.
Hfr CONJUGATION
TRANSDUCTION
GENE TRANSFER IN BACTERIA
• Transduction

Transfer of genes from a donor cell to a
recipient cell through a bacteriophage
intermediate.

Bacteriophage: A bacterial virus

Virulent bacteriophage:
• Has only a lytic stage in its developmental
cycle
TRANSDUCTION
GENE TRANSFER IN BACTERIA

Virulent bacteriophage:
• When a virulent bacteriophage infects its
host bacterium, it does not integrate its
DNA into the host chromosome. Instead,
it replicates its own DNA and capsid
protein within the infected host,
reassembles thousands of new virus
particles, and lyses the host cell to release
the new viruses.
• Example: T4 phage of E. coli
TRANSDUCTION BY A
BACTERIOPHAGE
TYPES OF TRANSDUCTION
TYPES OF TRANSDUCTION

• Types of transduction
1. Generalized- Transduction in which
potentially any donor bacterial gene
can be transferred.
2. Specialized- Transduction in which
only certain donor genes can be
transferred.
GENERALIZED TRANSDUCTION
SPECIALIZED TRANSDUCTION
TRANFORMATION
GENE TRANSFER IN BACTERIA
• Transformation

Transfer of isolated donor DNA (either
chromosomal DNA fragments or plasmid
DNA) to a recipient cell.

Successful transformation depends on the
presence of double-stranded donor DNA
molecules that are large enough, as well as
cells that are competent for transformation.
TRANSFORMATION
BACTERIAL TRANSFORMATION
• “Naked” plasmids (present in
environment) are taken up by certain
bacteria.
• Viruses are NOT used in this method.
TRANSFORMATION EFFICIENCY
TRANSFORMATION EFFICIENCY

• Transformation efficiency is a quantitative


value that describes how effective you were
at getting a plasmid into bacteria.
• The number represents the number of
transformed colonies produced per
microgram of DNA added.
GENE TRANSFER IN BACTERIA

• Transformation

Transformation is also a major technique
used to introduce recombinant DNA
molecules into host cells. In this case, the
DNA is usually recombinant plasmids.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
After completion of this lecture graduates will
be able to:
• Learn Mutations, Types of mutation
• Understand Gene Transfer in Bacteria
• Understand the Conjugation, Hfr
Conjugation
• Know about Transduction and
Transformation
REFERENCES
1.Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts
K, Walter P. Molecular Biology of the Cell: 5th Ed;
Taylor & Francis Group; 2007.
2. Karp G. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts
and Experiments: 6th Ed; John Wiley & Sons;
2009.
3. Watson JD, James D, Myers RM, Caudy AA,
Witkowski JA. Recombinant DNA: genes and
genomes: a short course. 3rd ed; Macmillan; 2007.
4. David P. Clark . Molecular Biology,2nd edition ,
2005
Thank You

ANY QUESTION???

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