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Direct-Current Dynamos: Construction & Armature Windings

This document discusses the construction and winding types of direct current dynamos. It describes: 1. The two main types of dynamos are generators, which convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, and motors, which do the opposite. 2. Dynamos have two main parts: an armature, which is a coil that spins inside a magnetic field, and a field, which is a stationary magnetic field that interacts with the armature. 3. There are two main types of armature winding: lap and wave. Lap windings connect coil ends to adjacent commutator segments, while wave windings connect them to segments a number of poles apart.

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Hane Minasalbas
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419 views43 pages

Direct-Current Dynamos: Construction & Armature Windings

This document discusses the construction and winding types of direct current dynamos. It describes: 1. The two main types of dynamos are generators, which convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, and motors, which do the opposite. 2. Dynamos have two main parts: an armature, which is a coil that spins inside a magnetic field, and a field, which is a stationary magnetic field that interacts with the armature. 3. There are two main types of armature winding: lap and wave. Lap windings connect coil ends to adjacent commutator segments, while wave windings connect them to segments a number of poles apart.

Uploaded by

Hane Minasalbas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIRECT-CURRENT DYNAMOS

CONSTRUCTION & ARMATURE


WINDINGS
Dynamo is a symbol of power. It is
defined as a rotating electrical machine
that converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy or electrical energy
into mechanical energy.
 
Two Kinds of Dynamo
1. Electric Generators
2. Electric Motors
Parts of Dynamo
1. Armature
2. Field
 
Types of Armature winding
1. Lap
2. Wave
 
The two types of armature winding are
distinguished from each other by the manner in
which the coil ends are connected to the
commutator bars.
 
In simplex-lap windings the coil ends are
connected to adjacent commutator segments,
while the simplex-wave windings the coil ends
are connected to commutator segments, very
nearly but not exactly, equal to the distance
between poles of the same polarity or 360
electrical degrees.
All two-pole machines have lap
windings, while most four-pole
machines, up to about 75 kw or
100 hp for 115- or more volt
service, have wave windings.
Two Ways of Laying of Lap Winding

1. Progressive Winding
2. Retrogressive Winding
Progressive Lap Winding
Retrogressive Lap Winding
The most important aspect of all
types of winding is that the distance
between the two sides of the coil
must be equal (or very nearly so) to
the distance between two adjacent
poles. This always means that the coil
span must be 180 electrical degrees,
or approximately so.
In a generator, the voltage generated
in one side of the coil must be away
from the observer at the same
instant that the voltage generated in
the other side of the same coil is
toward the observer if the voltage
generated in the two sides of the coil
are to aid one another.
Actually, the coil span is made few
electrical degrees less than 180
electrical degrees in most
windings, because commutation is
improved somewhat when this is
done.
Ys = (S/P) – k

Ys = coil span or coil pitch in slots


S = total number of armature
slots
P = number of poles
K = any part of S/P that is
subtracted to make Ys an integer
Example: Calculate the coil pitch
(coil span) and indicate the slots into
which the first coil should be placed
for 39 slots & four poles armature
winding.

Ys = (39/4) – (3/4) = 9
Slots 1 and 10
The commutator pitch, Yc, which
designates the coil end connections to the
commutator, is equal to the “plex” of the
lap-wound armature windings.

The degree of reentrancy of lap windings


is equal to the highest common factor
between the number of commutator
segments and the “plex” of the winding.
Example:
Determine the commutator pitches,
Yc, and the degrees of reentrancy for
the following windings:
a. simplex lap, 29 segments
b. duplex lap, 42 segments
 
a. Yc = 1, reentrancy = 1
b. Yc = 2, reentrancy = 2
When the current passes through any
armature winding, it always divides into an
even number of parallel paths. In a simplex-
lap winding, the current divides into P
paths, where P is the number of poles; in
duplex-lap winding, the current divides into
2P paths. Thus, in general, there are m x P
parallel armature winding paths in lap
winding, where m represents the
multiplicity (plex) of the winding.
A simplex-wave winding is not possible
if segments ÷ P/2 is an integer.
However, a simplex wave winding is
possible if the following equation
results in an integer:

Yc = (C ± 1)/ (P/2)

Yc = commutator pitch
C = total number of commutator segments
P = number of poles
Determine the commutator pitch Yc for a four-pole
simplex-wave-wound armature having 21 segments.
 
Yc = (21 ± 1)/(4/2) = 10 or 11
 
Using Yc = 10, the succession of the commutator segments
is as follows:
1-11-21-10-20-9-19-8-18-7-17-6-16-5-15-4-14-3-13-2-12,
then reentering segment 1.
 
Using Yc = 11, the succession of commutator segments is
as follows:
1-12-2-13-3-14-4-15-5-16-6-17-7-18-8-19-9-20-10-21-11,
then reentering segment 1.
Complete winding diagram of 4-pole simplex wave winding
yb - back coil pitch
yf - front coil pitch
yr - resultant coil pitch
y - commutator pitch

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