Scribd
Upload
142 views22 pages

Addressing Modes

The document discusses various addressing modes used in computer architecture including: - Implied, immediate, direct, indirect, register direct, register indirect, displacement/indexed, base relative, and auto increment/decrement modes. It provides examples of each mode and describes how they specify the location of operands. Some modes like direct use values embedded in the instruction while others like indirect require multiple memory accesses to find the operand location. Register modes provide faster access without memory references. Displacement and indexed modes allow accessing arrays.

Uploaded by

Devansh b Bajpai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
142 views22 pages

Addressing Modes

The document discusses various addressing modes used in computer architecture including: - Implied, immediate, direct, indirect, register direct, register indirect, displacement/indexed, base relative, and auto increment/decrement modes. It provides examples of each mode and describes how they specify the location of operands. Some modes like direct use values embedded in the instruction while others like indirect require multiple memory accesses to find the operand location. Register modes provide faster access without memory references. Displacement and indexed modes allow accessing arrays.

Uploaded by

Devansh b Bajpai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Addressing Modes

Addressing Mode

• The Way the operands are specified in the


instruction
– Operands can be in registers, memory or embedded in
the instruction

• The operation to be performed is indicated by the


opcode.
Addressing Mode -Classification

Implied Addressing Mode


Immediate Addressing Mode
Direct Addressing Mode
Indirect Addressing Mode
Register Direct Addressing Mode
Register Indirect Addressing Mode
Displacement or Indexed Addressing Mode
Base Relative Addressing Mode
Auto Increment and Auto Decrement Addressing Mode
Implied Addressing Mode

• Operand is implied / specified implicitly in


the instruction
• Effective Address (EA) = AC or Stack[SP]
• CMA, CLC, STC
Immediate Addressing mode

• Operand embedded in the instruction

• Used during initialization


• MVI A, 23h
• No memory reference to fetch data
• Fast
Direct Addressing mode

• Effective address is a part of the instruction.


• MOV A, 3000h
• Single memory reference to access data
• No additional calculations to work out
effective address
Indirect Addressing Mode Diagram
Indirect Addressing mode
• The address field of the instruction gives the
address where the effective address of the
operand stored in the memory.
• Ex: Move CX, [4200H]
• Multiple memory accesses to find operand
• Hence slower
Register Direct Addressing
Diagram
Register Direct

• Operand is in the register specified in the


address part of the instruction
• EA = R
• Ex: Mov AX, BX
• Special case of direct addressing
• Faster register access.
• No memory access.
Register Indirect
Register Indirect
• Address part of the instruction specifies the
register which gives the address of the operand
in memory.
• Special case of indirect addressing
• EA = (R)
• Ex: Mov BX, [DX]
Auto Increment and Auto Decrement
Addressing Modes
• Extension to Register indirect addressing mode.
• Register incremented or decremented after
accessing memory
• Useful while transferring large chunks of
contiguous data.
• Add R1, (R2)+
– R1 R1+ m[R2]
– R2 r2 + d ; d is the size of an element.
Displacement Addressing Mode

 EA = A + (R)

 Add R4, 100(R1)


 R4 R4+ M[R1+100]
Relative addressing mode
• It is often used in branch (conditional and
unconditional) instructions, locality of
reference and cache usage.

• Effective address =Address part of the


instruction +PC value after fetch cycle
• JMP 24
Base register Addressing mode
• Used to facilitate the relocation of programs in
memory.
• Uses Base register.
• EA = Address part of the instruction +base
value.
• Only the register [base register] will be
updated to reflect the beginning of a new
memory segment.
Indexed Addressing mode
• Used in performing iterative operations

• Address field holds the starting address of the data


array.

• Index register hold the actual index of the operand


in the array.

• EA = starting address(address part of an inst) +


index register value
Basic Addressing Modes
Differences
Problems
• Find the effective address and the content of AC for the given data.
Addressing Mode Effective Content of AC
Address (OPERAND)
Direct Address 500 AC ← (500) 800

Immediate operand 201 AC ← 500 500

Indirect address 800 AC ← ((500)) 300


202+500=702
Relative address AC ← (PC + 500) 325

Indexed address 600 AC ← (XR + 500) 900

Register - AC ← R1 400

Register Indirect 400 AC ← (R1) 700


Autoincrement 400 AC ← (R1)+ 700
Autodecrement 399 AC ← -(R1) 450
• An instruction is stored at location 300 with its address field at location
301. The address field has the value 400. A processor register R1 contains
the number 200. Evaluate the effective address if the addressing mode of
the instruction is (a) direct; (b) immediate (c) relative (d) register indirect;
(e) index with R1 as the index register.

• Let the address stored in the program counter be designated by the symbol
X1. The instruction stored in X1 has the address part (operand reference)
X2. The operand needed to execute the instruction is stored in the
memory word with address X3. An index register contains the value X4.
What is the relationship between these various quantities if the addressing
mode of the instruction is
• (a) direct (b) indirect (c) PC relative (d) indexed?
References
• W. Stallings, Computer organization and
architecture, Prentice-Hall,2000
• M. M. Mano, Computer System
Architecture, Prentice-Hall

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy