Deck Machineries (Part 1)

4/Engr. Jayvee B. Galos

MOORING EQUIPMENT
Mooring

• A ship is secured to a mooring to

forestall free movement of the ship on
the water. An anchor mooring fixes a
vessel's position relative to a point on
the bottom of a waterway without
connecting the vessel to shore. As a
verb, mooring refers to the act of
attaching a vessel to a mooring.
Mooring Equipment

• Set of fittings and mechanisms aboard a ship

that are used to warp and secure the ship
when it is moored at a dock, at the wall of a
lock, to buoys, or alongside another vessel.
• A ship’s mooring equipment includes
mechanisms, such as winches and capstans,
that are used to take in and pay out mooring
lines, which are ropes or steel cables.
MOORING WINCH
Mooring Winch
Mooring Winch

• A winch is a mechanical device that is

used to pull in (wind up) or let out
(wind out) or otherwise adjust the
tension of a rope or wire rope (also
called "cable" or "wire cable"). In its
simplest form, it consists of a spool (or
drum) attached to a hand crank.
Categories of Mooring Winch

• Winches can be categorized by their

control type, drive type, by the number
of drums associated with each drive, by
the type of drums, and by their brake
type and brake application.
Control Types

• Automatic Tension Mooring Winch

• Manual Tension Mooring Winch
Automatic Tension Mooring Winch

• Winches designed to heave-in

automatically whenever the line tension
falls below a certain pre-set value. Likewise,
they pay out if the line tension exceeds a
pre-set value. The use of the self-tension
winches is not recommended except for
mooring deployed at 90° to the ship axis.
• Also called as Self-Tension Winch
Manual Tension Mooring Winch

• Manual winch always requires a person

to handle the controls for heaving or
rendering.
Drive Types

• Electric
• Hydraulic
• Steam
Type of Drums

• Non-split Drum Mooring Winch

• Split Drum Mooring Winch
Non-split Drum Mooring Winch
• The undivided drum winches are commonly found on
smaller ships. It is often difficult to spool and stow the
wire on such a drum satisfactorily; when wires are
handled directly off the drum, the final turns of the
outer layer when under tension tend to bite into the
lower layer. This could result in possible wire damage
and difficulties when releasing the line. To reduce this
problem, the winch with non-split drum should be
placed at a sufficient distance from the fairlead to
ensure that the wire can be properly spooled.
Split Drum Mooring Winch

• A winch with a drum divided by a

notched flange into a tension section and
a line storage section.
Classification of Mooring Winches
• Right-hand Winch
• Left-hand Winch
• Central Winch
• Single Drum Winch
• Multiple Drum Winch
Right-hand Winch

• Winch where the drum drive is on the

right-hand side of the drum, in relation
to an observer situated on the side of
the motor, power supply or controller
Left-hand Winch

• Winch where the drum drive is on the

left-hand side of the drum, in relation
to an observer situated on the side of
the motor, power supply or controller
Central Winch

• Winch where the drum drive is between

the two drums
Single Drum Winch

• Winch where one drum is driven by drive

equipment
Multiple Drum Winch

• Winch where two or more drums are

driven by drive equipment.
Types of Mooring Winch
Parts of Mooring Winch
Strap Brake or
Mooring Drum
Hand Brake Gear Box

Warping Clutch and Control Station

Drum Lever Motor
Other types of Mooring Equipment
ANCHOR HANDLING EQUIPMENT
ANCHOR WINDLASS
Anchor Windlass
 Why is it called Anchor Windlass?
• The English word "windlass" is derived
from the old Norse words vindáss. Vind
means "wind" and áss means "pole." so,
it's a winding pole to bring up the anchor.
 Anchor Windlass
• A windlass is a machine used on ships that is
used to let-out and heave-up equipment such as
a ship's anchor or a fishing trawl. On some ships,
it may be located in a specific room called the
windlass room.
• An anchor windlass is a machine that restrains
and manipulates the anchor chain on a boat or
ship, allowing the anchor to be raised and
lowered by means of chain cable. A notched
wheel engages the links of the chain or the rope.
 Difference between Windlass and Capstan
• Technically speaking, the term "windlass" refers only to horizontal winches.
Vertical designs are correctly called capstans. Horizontal windlasses make use of
an integral gearbox and motor assembly, all typically located above-deck, with a
horizontal shaft through the unit and wheels for chain and/or rope on either
side. Vertical capstans use a vertical shaft, with the motor and gearbox situated
below the winch unit (usually below decks).
• Horizontal windlasses offer several advantages. The unit tends to be more self-
contained, protecting the machinery from the corrosive environment found on
boats. The dual wheels also allow two anchors on double rollers to be serviced.
Vertical capstans, for their part, allow the machinery to be placed below decks,
thus lowering the center of gravity (important on boats), and also allow a flexible
angle of pull (which means rope or chain can be run out to different fair leads).
• It tends to be the case that smaller boats use capstans, and larger boats have
windlasses, although this is by no means a hard and fast rule.
Capstan
• A capstan is a vertical-axled rotating
machine developed for use on sailing
ships to multiply the pulling force of
seamen when hauling ropes, cables, and
hawsers. The principle is similar to that of
the windlass, which has a horizontal axle.
• Used by small boats such as yacht, tug
boats, fishing boats, and etc.
Capstan
 Anchor Gypsy
• The wheels on either a vertical or
horizontal windlass provide for either
chain or line to be engaged. The wheel
for mooring line is termed a warping
head, while the chain handling wheel is
variously referred to as the gypsy (in the
UK) or wildcat (in North America).
 Pawl Bar or Devil’s Claw
• The wheels on either a vertical or
horizontal windlass provide for either
chain or line to be engaged. The wheel
for mooring line is termed a warping
head, while the chain handling wheel is
variously referred to as the gypsy (in the
UK) or wildcat (in North America).
 Where is the Windlass Located?
• On ships and large vessels such as
container vessels or oil carriers, the
windlass is located in a specialized
location at the fore of the ship, known as
the windlass chamber or room. However,
some vessels also have the windlass
positioned on the forecastle deck.
 Anchor Windlass Step by Step Operating Procedure

1. The electric motor turns a winch that rotates the winch drum.
2. The dog clutch is first engaged and then activated using the winch.
3. The clutch begins to crank the chainwheel in a specified direction, and at a
specified speed.
4. The gypsy is used to contain and control the anchor chain during the entire
operation.
5. The chain is lowered through the hawsepipe until a desired rode length has been
achieved.
6. A pawl bar or Devil’s Claw is used to restrain the anchor rode in place.
7. To release the pawl bar, the chainwheel relieves it of any tension from the rode by
being put in reverse.
8. The chain can then be lifted by simply reversing the direction of the winch drum.
9. Safety Precautions and Conditions
Parts of Windlass