AM, FM, and Phase

Modulation
 GROUP 1
BSEE 301 A

ABUNDO, Al Angelo BARROA, Marielle R. BAUTISTA, Bernadette

B. A.

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 Modulation
Meaning, Purpose and Types
 WHAT IS MODULATION?

✘ In electronics and telecommunications,

modulation is the process of varying one or more
properties of a periodic waveform, called the
carrier signal, with a separate signal called the
modulation signal that typically contains
information to be transmitted.

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 WHAT IS MODULATION?

✘ Modulation is simply a widely used process in

communication systems in which a very high-frequency
carrier wave is used to transmit the low-frequency
message signal so that the transmitted signal continues to
have all the information contained in the original message
signal.

✘ Demodulation is the process of separating the original

information or SIGNAL from the MODULATED
CARRIER.
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 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MODULATION

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 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
MODULATION?

✘ The purpose of modulation is to impress the

information on the carrier wave, which is used to
carry the information to another location.

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 COMMUNICATION PROCESS

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 TYPES OF MODULATION
Modulation is divided into two types:
✘ Analog Modulation
✘ Amplitude modulation
✘ Frequency modulation
✘ Phase modulation
✘ Digital modulation
✘ Pulse Amplitude modulation (PAM)
✘ Pulse width modulation (PWM)
✘ Pulse code modulation (PCM)
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 Amplitude
Modulation (AM)
Meaning, Applications, Advantages
and Disadvantages
 WHAT IS AMPLITUDE MODULATION?

✘ In order that a radio signal can carry audio or

other information for broadcasting or for two
way radio communication, it must be modulated
or changed in some way. Although there are a
number of ways in which a radio signal may be
modulated, one of the easiest is to change its
amplitude in line with variations of the sound.

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 WHAT IS AMPLITUDE MODULATION?

✘ Amplitude modulation is a modulation technique used in

electronic communication, most commonly for
transmitting messages with a radio wave. In amplitude
modulation, the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied in
proportion to that of the message signal, such as an audio
signal.

✘ The first amplitude modulated signal was transmitted in

1901 by a Canadian engineer named Reginald Fessenden.
He took a continuous spark transmission and placed a
carbon microphone in the antenna lead.
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 AMPLITUDE MODULATION WAVE

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 APPLICATIONS OF AMPLITUDE
MODULATION

✘ Broadcast transmissions: AM is
still widely used for broadcasting on
the long, medium and short wave
bands. It is simple to demodulate
and this means that radio receivers
capable of demodulating amplitude
modulation are cheap and simple to
manufacture. Nevertheless many
people are moving to high quality
forms of transmission like frequency
modulation, FM or digital
15 transmissions.
 APPLICATIONS OF AMPLITUDE
MODULATION

✘ Air band radio: VHF

transmissions for many airborne
applications still use AM . It is
used for ground to air radio
communications as well as two
way radio links for ground staff as
well.

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 APPLICATIONS OF AMPLITUDE
MODULATION

✘ Single sideband: Amplitude

modulation in the form of single
sideband is still used for HF radio
links. Using a lower bandwidth and
providing more effective use of the
transmitted power this form of
modulation is still used for many
point to point HF links.

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 APPLICATIONS OF AMPLITUDE
MODULATION

✘ Quadrature amplitude
modulation: AM is widely used
for the transmission of data in
everything from short range wireless
links such as Wi-Fi to cellular
telecommunications and much
more.

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 ADVANTAGES OF AMPLITUDE
MODULATION

✘ It is simple to implement
✘ it can be demodulated using a circuit consisting
of very few components
✘ AM receivers are very cheap as no specialised
components are needed.

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 DISADVANTAGES OF AMPLITUDE
MODULATION

✘ It is not efficient in terms of its power usage.

✘ It is not efficient in terms of its use of
bandwidth, requiring a bandwidth equal to twice
that of the highest audio frequency.
✘ It is prone to high levels of noise because most
noise is amplitude based and obviously AM
detectors are sensitive to it.

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 Frequency
Modulation (FM)
Meaning, Applications, Advantages
and Disadvantages
 WHAT IS FREQUENCY MODULATION?

✘ Frequency modulation is a technique or a

process of encoding information on a particular
signal (analogue or digital) by varying the
carrier wave frequency in accordance with the
frequency of the modulating signal.

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 WHAT IS FREQUENCY MODULATION?

✘ Much like in amplitude modulation, frequency modulation

also has a similar approach where a carrier signal is
modulated by the input signal. However, in the case of
FM, the amplitude of the modulated signal is kept or it
remains constant.

✘ FM radio was originally discovered and implemented by a

man called Edwin Armstrong. Like many inventors of his
time, he was searching for a solution to the problem of
ongoing static in AM frequency radios.
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 FREQUENCY MODULATION WAVE

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 APPLICATIONS OF FREQUENCY
MODULATION

✘ FM radio broadcasting
✘ Radar
✘ Seismic prospecting

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 APPLICATIONS OF FREQUENCY
MODULATION

✘ Telemetry
✘ observing infants for seizure
through EEG
✘ music synthesis

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 APPLICATIONS OF FREQUENCY
MODULATION

✘ Two-way radio systems

✘ Magnetic tape recording
systems
✘ Video broadcast systems

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 ADVANTAGES OF FREQUENCY
MODULATION

✘ FM modulated signal is immune to noise as

noise only affects the amplitude of the signal.
And the information is stored in the frequency of
the signal.
✘ FM signal consumes less power as compared to
the AM signal.
✘ Due to high frequency, the antenna of FM
receiver is very small.
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 DISADVANTAGES OF FREQUENCY
MODULATION

✘ FM signal covers large bandwidth as compared

to the AM signal.
✘ The design of FM transmitters and receivers are
very complex.

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Phase Modulation
(PM)
Meaning, Applications, Advantages
and Disadvantages
 WHAT IS PHASE MODULATION?

✘ The term PM or phase modulation definition is a

type of modulation intended for transmitting
communication signals. It changes message
signal in accordance with the carrier signal due
to differences in the immediate phase. This
modulation is the combination of two principal
forms such as frequency modulation and angle
modulation.

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 WHAT IS PHASE MODULATION?

✘ The carrier signal’s phase is modulated to follow the amplitude

of the message signal. Both pinnacle amplitude, as well as the
carrier signal’s frequency, is maintained stable, although when
the message signal’s amplitude changes, then the carrier signals
phase also changes. It can be defined as the Phase of the carrier
(Ø) signal is varied proportional to (in accordance with) the
Amplitude of the input modulating signal.

✘ The combination of phase modulation with amplitude

modulation, practiced as early as 1874 by Thomas Edison in the
quadruplex telegraph for transmitting four signals, two each in
both directions of transmission, constitutes the polar modulation
32 technique.
 PHASE MODULATION WAVE

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 APPLICATIONS OF PHASE MODULATION

✘ Phase modulation is widely

used for transmitting radio
waves and is an integral
element of many digital
transmission coding schemes
that support an ample range of
wireless technologies such as
GSM, Satellite television, and
Wi-Fi.
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 APPLICATIONS OF PHASE MODULATION

✘ PM is used for signal and

waveform generation in
digital synthesizers like
Yamaha DX7 for phase
modulation synthesis
implementation, and Casio CZ
for sound synthesis which is
known as phase distortion.

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 ADVANTAGES OF PHASE MODULATION

✘ It is used to find out the velocity of a target by removing

Doppler data. This needs constant carrier which is
achievable during phase modulation however not in FM
(frequency modulation).
✘ It permits computer for communicating on high-speed
using a telephone system.
✘ When the information is being transmitted without
intrusion then the speed rates can be observed.
✘ It is improved immunity toward the noise.

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 DISADVANTAGES OF PHASE MODULATION

✘ It needs two signals by a phase variation among them.

Through this, both the two patterns are required like a
reference as well as a signal.
✘ It requires hardware which obtains more complex due to
its conversion technique.
✘ Phase ambiguity arrives if we exceed index pi radian of
modulation (1800).
✘ Phase modulation index can be enhanced by employing
frequency multiplier.

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 END
Thank you for listening!

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“Nothing is impossible,
the word itself says I’m
possible”

- Audrey Hepburn

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 Credits
✘ https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2019/02/modulation-types-of-analog-
modulation.html
✘ https://www.bharathuniv.ac.in/page_images/pdf/AM,-PM-and-FM-modulati
on-Gomathi.pdf
✘ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation?
fbclid=IwAR3mdunzn02MJrVJ0MrdLwakQCKEvlUoAD_W6_Vch_tKdlL
EcrC9Ssf8ka0#:~:text=In%20electronics%20and%20telecommunications
%2C%20modulation,contains%20information%20to%20be
%20transmitted.&text=The%20carrier%20is%20higher%20in
%20frequency%20than%20the%20modulation%20signal
✘ https://www.britannica.com/technology/amplitude-modulation?fbclid=IwA
R38oCbo1T5oC6TdNVAOGtgjbxwkhtc0YH_wbliA4zBso1eab8QzQQFj2U
o

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 Credits
✘ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/amplitude-modulation?fb
clid=IwAR0lt4gX1bKHMyfVb8wIa2pRvdxHOJ0gb2L9e3yBml-HHGr3ZM
PjGeKISd8
✘ https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/modulation/single-sideban
d-ssb-basics.php?fbclid=IwAR3OR7GZuKDpn2n1WZn_LbkFky4cWCsZ0
n-mc5-N17abEcqNQp6LgJApT8c
✘ https://byjus.com/jee/frequency-modulation/
✘ https://www.elprocus.com/frequency-modulation-and-its-applications/
✘ https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-phase-modulation-advantages-disadvanta
ges-and-applications/?fbclid=IwAR23NxWOIwfEigLHMI9yif-cKtAY6Z2f9
_rAcyjHRCju0axeAhv6aS1ibPQ

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