The Free Software Desktop Project

www.kde.org WWW.GNOME.ORG
Handles by windows.
Linux separates these functions
 What is Gnome AND KDE
◦ GNU License
 Open Source code
 KDE: K Desktop Environment
◦ Closed Source
 GNOME: GNU Network Object Model

Environment
◦ PART OF THE GNU Project
 http://www.gnu.org/
 Gnome AND KDE
◦ Desktop Environment
 An intuitive and attractive desktop
 Konqueror Browser
 KOffice Suite
◦ Development Platform
 http://developer.gnome.org/tools/
 http://techbase.kde.org/index.php?
title=Getting_Started/Build/KDE4
 GNOME and KDE is the GUI (graphics user
interface) or can be called Desktop
environtment. One of the functions of the GUI is
easy our users to access applications on linux. 
 Then what is the difference from the GNOME and

KDE? 
 The differences between the two is very

simple. GNOME is the GUI of Ubuntu while KDE is

the GUI of Kubuntu. Besides it’s not just Ubuntu
which uses GNOME and Kubuntu GUI using the KDE
GUI. GNOME and KDE are not the only GUI on
Linux, another GUI Example: XFCE, Fluxbox, IceWM
and BlackBox.
 Since those ancient times in 1997, GNOME has
gradually grown and continues to grow, with
its repeated publications. Version 0.99 was
launched in November 1998, but the first
really popular version, distributed practically
with any GNU/Linux distribution, would be
GNOME 1.0, published in March 1999.

 first stable version of GNOME was not very

satisfactory, as many considered it to be full of
critical bugs.
 The GNOME Foundation is a non-profit
organisation and not an industrial consortium;
it has the following functions:
1. Coordinating the publications.
2. Deciding which projects are part of GNOME.
3. It is the official spokesperson (for the press and
for both commercial and non-commercial
organisations) of the GNOME project.
4. Promoting conferences related to GNOME (such
as the GUADEC).
5. Representing GNOME in other conferences.
6. Creating technical standards.
7. Promoting the use and development of GNOME.
 For this reason, GNOME October (GNOME
1.0.55) is treated as the first version of the
GNOME desktop environment that was truly
stable.
 In between GNOME 1.0.55 and GNOME 1.2

different versions came and created confusion

about different issues..
 GNOME 1.2 was a step forward in terms of the

architecture used by GNOME, an architecture

that continued to be used in GNOME 1.4. This
era was characterised
by the second GUADEC, which took place
in Copenhagen.
 Although GNOME was created with the clear
aim of providing a user-friendly and
powerful environment, to which new
programs would gradually be added,
 it soon became apparent that it would be

necessary to create a body that would have

certain responsibilities that would allow them
to promote and boost the use, development
and dissemination of GNOME:
 consequently, the GNOME Foundation was

created in 2000; its headquarters are situated

in Boston, US.
? Why GNOME ?
4 Business
4 Home Users
4 Developers
4 the World
4 People w/ Disabilities
4 System Administrators
 WHY?
◦ Giving users and developers complete control over
there software and data
◦ It’s about ease of use and not about pilling on
features.
Business
Low cost alternative solution for PDLC and
system architecture solutions.
Easy to implement
Minimal training
Easy to admin install and support
Developers
Bind development with many popular
languages like Java, C#, C.
Develop software free of charge with no
royalty fee
Can use Gtk+ (http://www.gtk.org/) on any
platform for development with GNOME
Installing or Trying GNOME and or KDE
◦ http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.22/
#rninstallation
◦ LiveCD
◦ GNOME LIVE (http://www.rpath.com/rbuilder/project/foresight/release?id=5451 )
◦ Get Footware http://www.gnome.org/~davyd/footware.shtml)
(
 A Community
More then a desktop solution
More then just a development platform
GNOME and KDE is a community

Developers Site:
http://developer.gnome.org/helping/
 KDE Vs. GNOME
◦ GNU/Linux is not a graphic user interface.

◦ GNOME OR KDE
 Popular polished interface.

 Which one is right for you?

 GNOME is used about 65% of GNU/Linux Desktop
 KDE is about 26% utilized.
 GNOME is the default desktop environment
for major releases such as Fedora or Ubuntu.
◦ GNOME has a strong corporate presence which
gains the confidence of many businesses.
 KDE maintains it leverage through mostly
popularity,
 They are much more similarities then
differences
◦ GNOME
 Virtual Desktop
 Memory Overhead
 Able to change the window manager ( kwin
and Metacity)
This mostly depends on the type of feature
that you expect to utilize and the type of
functions that you are most familiar with.

KDE and GNOME both offer an abundance of

application to support system development to
office application.
 References
◦ http://www.gnome.org/
◦ http://www.gtk.org/development.html
◦ http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/osrc/article.p
hp/12068_3673321_4
 What is X-Server
◦ It is a GUI for Linux
◦ The GUI provides a means of performing operation
in an environment without having to utilize the
command line.
 You don’t have to remember commands or utilize the
command line.
 BENEFITS:

◦ Less resources are utilized and less crashes or

errors occur but the GUI there is no GUI to make
needless calls to ram or cpu.
◦ X-Server Remote
 Other computer Running X can access the remote session
and GUI interface of the Linux box that is running X.
◦ KDE and GNOME or written for X. You can use the
GUI of both via the X client to access Linux
resources remotely.
 Is it part of the OS?
◦ X is not an integration in to the Operating System
 X is written as a layer on top of the OS.
 X is an additional application.
 what does it have to do with GUI programs
and the desktop?

 X was intended to be used over a Network

connection to provide a display
 How do I configure it.
 You can utilize Cygwin/X to run access a X

server.
◦ Download the application from:
 http://x.cygwin.com/
◦ Cygwin/X runs on all version of windows OS
 The X – Server Configuration How to: guide.
 http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/xorg-

config.xml
 How To Guide:
◦ Installing Xorg
◦ Configure Nvidia and ATI Card

◦ Installing X-Server is a tedious long step.

◦ The direcection can be found @:
◦ http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/xorg-config.xml
 Apache has been the most popular web
server since April 1996 when it passed
NCSA.
 In April 1996, Apache stood at 29% (and IIS
at 1.6%) of the web server market:
◦ http://survey.netcraft.com/Reports/9604/ALL/
 Today, Apache stands at 59% (and IIS at
31%):
◦ http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web_server_su
rvey.html
 IIS until IIS 6.0 had serious security issues.
 Those who migrated to Apache have not

come back to IIS, even though IIS 6.0 is

much more secure:
◦ http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/
2004/10/15/242966.aspx
 Or is it? Maybe some bugs are not reported?
IIS 6.0 is complex:
◦ http://blogs.zdnet.com/threatchaos/?p=311
 Apache 2 configuration: /etc/apache2/*:
apache2.conf general config file
httpd.conf not used in Apache 2
sites-available/ default, and other sites (Apache 2
can serve multiple sites with their own IP
addresses with one executable)
sites-enabled/ soft-links to enabled sites
... (see /etc/apache2/README)
 sites-available/default may have:
◦ DocumentRoot /var/www/
 Mosttasks in Apache are handled
by modules.
 Some popular Apache modules:

◦ PHP
◦ mod_ssl (SSL: Secure Sockets Layer)
◦ OpenSSL
◦ FrontPage
◦ perl
 Apache Software Foundation (ASF) is a non-
profit organization that develops several
high-quality open-source programs.
 Apache HTTP server is one such program.
 Jakarta project by ASF has a number of high-

quality Java web development tools:

◦ http://jakarta.apache.org/
 Derby: Java database (originally IBM
Cloudscape; now also called Sun Java DB)
 Tomcat: Servlet and JavaServer Pages (JSP)

Server.
 Ant: Portable build tool (java “make”)
 Struts: Web application framework for input

validation and flow control (page-to-page).

 Lucene: Text indexing/search

We have Derby, Tomcat and Ant at the lab.

 The Mozilla project works on a set of
integrated applications for Internet, that
are free and multiplatform, and the most
notable products are the Mozilla Firefox
web browser and the Mozilla Thunderbird
email and news client. This set is also
designed as a platform for developing
other applications, which means that there
are many browsers that use Gecko,
Mozilla's HTML engine(such as Galeon).
 The project is managed by the Mozilla
Foundation, a non-profit organisation that
creates free software and is "dedicated to
preserving choice and promoting
innovation on the Internet".

 For this reason, Mozilla's products are

based on three basic principles:
 they must be free software,
 respect the standards and
 be portable to other platforms.