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Sampling Techniques: Module 4: Lesson 2

The document discusses different sampling techniques used in research. It describes probability sampling techniques such as simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. It also outlines non-probability sampling techniques including convenience sampling, purposive sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. The key aspects and examples of each technique are provided.

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77 views13 pages

Sampling Techniques: Module 4: Lesson 2

The document discusses different sampling techniques used in research. It describes probability sampling techniques such as simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. It also outlines non-probability sampling techniques including convenience sampling, purposive sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. The key aspects and examples of each technique are provided.

Uploaded by

natz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sampling Techniques

Module 4: Lesson 2
Learning Objectives

The students are expected to:


1. discuss probability and non-probability sampling techniques and their
types
2. identify the type of probability and non- probability sampling techniques
applied in different scenarios
What is Sampling?
Sampling is a formal process of choosing the correct subgroup called a
sample from a population to participate in a research study. The subgroup
shall be the representative of the large group from where they were
selected. To create a sample, you may follow any of the following
categories of sampling techniques: probability sampling and non-probability
sampling schemes.
What is Probability Sampling?

Probability Sampling refers to a sampling technique in which samples are


obtained using some objective chance mechanism, thus involving
randomization.

Please take note that (1) If your population is LESS THAN 50, go away from
probability sampling and (2) your sample size should be AT LEAST 30.
Probability Sampling Techniques

1. Simple Random Sampling. The basic probability sampling design in


which the chance of selection is the same for every member of the population.
Two ways of selecting samples:

• by means of a TABLE OF RANDOM NUMBERS

• by using the LOTTERY TECHNIQUES


2. Systematic Random Sampling. A sampling that follows regular intervals from a list. It has a specific steps
and procedures in doing the random selection of the samples.

Steps to follow:

a. Divide population to the desired sample size (population ÷ sample size= kth)

b. Choose one number from 1 to value you obtain from letter a

c. Start counting from the number you choose in letter b. you take every kth of the number counts.

Example: Population= 500

Sample size= 100 500 ÷ 100 = 5 (I will count every 5th in the list)

For instance, I choose 4 from 1-5. Therefore, my sample will be the student number 4, 9, 14, 19, 24… until it
reaches the maximum number which is 500.
3. Stratified Random Sampling. The population is divided into groups (strata) then simple random sampling is
applied in selecting samples from each group. Example: The target population is 1200 junior high school with the
desired sample size of 300. The researcher will get the number of students per level. Divide each number of
students per level by the total population of 1200 and then multiply by the desired sample size of 300.

JHS Population Sample Size = 300


=1200

1st year 350 88

2nd year 300 75

3rd year 280 70

4th year 270 67


4. Cluster Sampling. The largest scale surveys used cluster sampling
method. It is used when the target respondents in a research study is spread
across a GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION. In this method, the population is
grouped into what we called CLUSTER. Simple random sampling is used in
selecting the cluster.
5. Multi- Stage Sampling. Refers to the procedure as in cluster sampling
which moves through a series of stages.
Population → group into ten cluster → randomly select one cluster randomly
select five cluster from the selected one cluster
What is Non-Probability Sampling?

There is a time where a researcher encounters some hindrances on his


research where it is not possible to draw random probability sampling due to lack of
time or budget. This is where the non-probability sampling can be useful. If
probability sampling gives equal chance of selection to all members of the
population, non-probability sampling is a sampling technique that does not give all
the samples in the population equal chances of being selected. The selection of
sample is based on the subjective judgement of the researchers.
Types of Non-Probability Sampling

1. Convenience Sampling. This is a method of selecting samples that


are conveniently available to participate to the researchers’ study. This
method is also called availability sampling. Example: The researchers
conducted survey on public area like mall and park to quickly obtain public
opinion on an issue about election of public officials.
2. Purposive Sampling. This is also called judgmental or subjective
sampling. In this method, the researcher chooses only those respondents that
he thinks suitable to the study. Example: The researchers conducted a study
on why Grade 11 chooses TVL tracks over Academic tracks. They find
samples by asking first the question “Are you planning to go to the
university?”, Those who will say “No” would not be included in the study.
3. Quota Sampling. A sampling technique wherein the researcher makes sure of equal
or proportionate representation of subjects depending on which trait is considered as
basis of the quota. The bases of the quota are usually age, gender, education, race,
religion and socioeconomic status.

Example: If basis of the quota is college year level and the researcher needs equal
representation, with a sample size of 100, he must select 25 1st year students, another
25 2nd year students, 25 3rd year and 25 4th year students.
4. Snowball Sampling. A sampling technique wherein the researcher looks for a
respondent to participate in the study then ask that respondent to refer another
respondent who can participate in the study. This is used when researcher finds it
difficult to locate special numbers of a population.

Example: The researcher conduct research involving eight ethnic group called
Mangyans maybe 8,000 according to official records. But it is difficult to locate those
subject because of distance and some have little contact with outside world

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