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Carry Out Mensuration and Calculation

The document provides information on digital representation and binary conversion including: - Computers use binary codes to represent letters, numbers, and characters as strings of bits called bytes - Decimal numbers can be converted to binary by repeatedly dividing the number by 2 and recording the remainders - Data storage is measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes with precise values for each unit

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Romulo Baj
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174 views16 pages

Carry Out Mensuration and Calculation

The document provides information on digital representation and binary conversion including: - Computers use binary codes to represent letters, numbers, and characters as strings of bits called bytes - Decimal numbers can be converted to binary by repeatedly dividing the number by 2 and recording the remainders - Data storage is measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes with precise values for each unit

Uploaded by

Romulo Baj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TLE

ICT 9

Carry out Mensuration and


Calculation
Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of concepts and
underlying principles in performing measurements and
calculations.
Performance Standard:
The learner independently performs accurate
measurements and calculations based on a given tasks.

Learning Outcome:
1 - Perform calculation needed to complete task using the four
mathematical fundamental operations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division)
2 -Employ different techniques in checking accuracy of the
computation
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION

Within a computer, information is represented and


stored in a digital binary format. The term bit is an
abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest
piece of data.
Humans interpret words and pictures; computers
interpret only patterns of bits.
A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1)
or a zero digit (0).
A bit can be used to represent the state of something that
has two states. For example, a light switch can be either
On or Off; in binary representation, these states would
correspond to 1 and 0, respectively.
Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret
letters, numbers and special
characters with bits. A commonly used code is the
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII).
With ASCII, each character is represented by a string of bits. For example:
Capital letter: A = 01000001
Number: 9 = 00001001
Special character: # = 00100011
Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and numbers, is known as a byte. Codes can be used to represent almost any type of
information digitally: computer data, graphics, photos, voice, video , and music.
ASCII Table

Each character is
8-bits long
equivalent to 1
byte

Internet speeds or
bandwidth is
measured in
bits/second ( ex. 20
Mbps) M = mega
CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY

To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is divide the number by 2. Get the
quotient and the remainder. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get the quotient and
remainder again. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0. Copy the remainder from
bottom to top, and that is the binary equivalent.
Example: 25
Quotient Remainder
Q R
25/2 = 12 1
12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1
25 = 11001
Checking: 1 1 0 0 1 multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 equivalents
16 8 0 0 1 results
16+8+1 = 25
CALCULATING DATA STORAGE

While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit of digital storage is the byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the smallest
unit of measure (UOM) used to represent data storage capacity.
When referring to storage space, we use the terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).
CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately
700 MB. DVDs have a data storage capacity of
approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc, and
approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc. BDs
( Blue-ray) have a storage capacity of 25 GB on a
single-layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc.
One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes,
specifically 1,024. A megabyte represents more than a
million bytes or 1,048,576. A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824
bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776. The exact
number is gained by taking 2^n power.
Example:
a) 2^10 = 1024 bytes (B) = 1KB.
b) 2^20 =1024x1024 = 1,048,5761 bytes = 1MB
c) 2^30 = 1024x1024x1024 = 1,073,741,824 bytes =
1GB
In general, when something is represented digitally,
the greater the detail, the greater the number of bits
needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture from
a digital camera will use around 360KB, and a high-
resolution picture could use 2 MB or more.
Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are
typically used to measure the size or storage
capacity of a device. Examples of components and
devices that use byte storage include: random access
memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs,
and MP3 player
Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is
possible to determine the number of bytes being
used. For example: A file is 20 KB in size 1 KB =
1,024 Bytes 20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB
file If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB
= 1,048,576 bytes of space); then approximately a
total of 51 files can be stored in that folder
(1,048,576 / 20,480 = 51.2)
Self-check

Direction: Convert the decimal numbers shown below


to binary. Perform checking to verify answers.
1) 19
2) 28
3) 37
Operation Sheet

Direction: Solve the problems indicated below. Show


your solution.
1. How many 60 KB jpg files can be stored on a 2 MB
folder in your hard drive?
2. How many 5 MB mp3 files can be stored on a 1 GB
flash drive?
3. How many 750 MB .avi files can be stored on a 4.3
GB DVD-R
RUBRICS

Interpretation of Scores

3 – Excellent
2 – Good
1 – Fair
0 – Poor

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