THE

INFORMATION
AGE
GROUP 5
 TABLE OF
CONTENTS

01 INTRODUCTI
ON 04 ELECTRO -
MECHANICAL
PRE-
02 MECHANICAL 05
ELECTRONICA
L
INFORMATION
03 MECHANICAL 06 AGE
INFORMATION AGE
People, Information & Societies that
chronicle the birth and growth of
electronic information -- from
ancient times to Samuel Morse's
invention of the telegraph in the
1830s, through the development of
the telephone, radio, television, and
computer.
FOUR PERIODS OF INFORMATION AGE

01 02 03 04
Mechanica Electro-
Pre-Mechanical l Mechanical  Electronic
first start to see connections
The earliest age of the beginnings of e machines used
between our current
technology technology and its telecommunications electronic switches
ancestors
 PRE -
MECHANICAL
The earliest age of technology. It can be defined as the time
between 3000 B.C. and 1450 A.D. When humans first started
communicating, they would try to use language to make simple
pictures – petroglyphs to tell a story, map their terrain, or keep
accounts such as how many animals one owned, etc.
 PRE -
MECHANICAL

This trend continued with the advent of

formal language and better media such
as rags, papyrus, and eventually paper.
The first ever calculator – the abacus
was invented in this period after the
development of numbering systems.
Petroglyphs in Utah
 PRE -
●
MECHANICAL
The pre- mechanical age is generally regarded as
having lasted from the beginning of recorded history to
about the middle of the 15th century. 
·         Control of fire 500 000 BC
● ·         Domestication of animals 12 000
● ·         Domestication of plants 800
● ·         Ceramic 7000 BC
● ·         Copper 4000 BC.
 PRE -
● MECHANICAL
First humans communicated only through speaking and
picture drawings. 
● 3000 B.C., the Sumerians in Mesopotamia (what is today
southern Iraq) devised uniform.
● Around 2000 B.C., Phoenicians created symbols
● The Greeks later adopted the Phoenician alphabet and
added vowels; the Romans gave the letters Latin names to
create the alphabet we use today.
 PRE -
MECHANICAL
● Sumerians' input technology was a stylus that could scratch
marks in wet clay.
● About 2600 B.C., the Egyptians write on the papyrus plant
● Around 100 A.D., the Chinese made paper from rags, on
which modern-day papermaking is based.
● Religious leaders in Mesopotamia kept the earliest "books“
● The Egyptians kept scrolls 
 PRE -
  MECHANICAL
● Around 600 B.C., the Greeks began to fold sheets of papyrus vertically
into leaves and bind them together.
● Egyptian system: The numbers 1-9 as vertical lines, the number 10 as a
U or circle, the number 100 as a coiled rope, and the number 1,000 as a
lotus blossom
● The first numbering systems similar to those in use today were invented
between 100 and 200 A.D. by Hindus in India who created a nine-digit
numbering system.
● Around 875 A.D., the concept of zero was developed. 
 PRE -
●
MECHANICAL
    The abacus is a tool that consisted originally of strings and pebbles, although
those used today in the teaching of basic mathematics are made from
wooden formations. The tool is believed to have originated from China, where
the very first mathematicians of time began their work.
●        Napier's bones was originally made by the Scottish mathematician John
Napier in 1614. The tool consists of rectangular wooden rods, which are each
marked with a number at the top, with the multiples of that number listed below
down the rod.
●        From about 1450 onward is known as the mechanical age because of the
invention of crucial machines such as the printing press.
 PRE -
3000 B.C A.D. MECHANICAL
Writing and Alphabets: Numbering Systems:
Cuneiform Numbers 1-9
Symbols Zero
Paper and Pen: The First Calculators
Papermaking The Abacus
Books and Libraries: Cuneiform script
Religious Scrolls (pronounced KEW-ni-form)
Binding
 MECHANICAL
The mechanical age is when we first start to see
connections between our current technology and its
ancestors. The mechanical age can be defined as the
time between 1450 and 1840. A lot of new
technologies were developed in this era due to an
explosion of interest in computation and information.
Technologies like the slide ruler (an analog computer
used for multiplying and dividing) were invented in
this period. Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline, a
very popular mechanical computer capable of adding,
subtracting, multiplying, and dividing two numbers.
Initially called the arithmetic machine, it was granted Pascaline from 1652
a royal privilege by King Louis XIV of France in
1649.
 MECHANICAL
INVENTORS
CREATORS
● Mathematics had evolved to a stage were such practical
calculations could be expressed as algebraic relationships and
solved in a step by step manner. It was therefore not an
impossible step to conceive of automating such tasks.

● The influential figures of the sixteenth and seventeenth

centuries were not thought of as “scientists” in the modern
sense.
 MECHANICAL
● Johannes Gutenberg was a German goldsmith, invented the modern printing
press with movable metal-type in 1450.

● The first general purpose computers 

In 1614, the Scottish mathematician John Napier published the first table of
logarithms to simplify and speed up the calculations (multiplication and division 
to reduce in addition and subtraction.

● The English clergyman William Oughtred invented the slide rule with two

sliding scales that are graduated according to the logarithms of the amounts were
calculated.
 MECHANICAL

Charles Babbage
● (born December 26, 1791, London, England—died October 18, 1871, London)
Punch cards for the never-completed Babbage Analytical Engine, and Charles
Babbage, the "father of computing," who kept refining his design.

Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace Byron

● The first computer programmer
● However, she sent a message to Babbage requesting copies of the machine’s
blueprints (the difference engine), because she was determined to understand
how it worked.
 MECHANICAL

● Wilhelm Schickard is a German mathematician famous for having built the first
automatic calculator in 1623.
● Blaise Pascal was a polymath, mathematician, physicist, philosopher and French
writer Christian. His contributions to mathematics and natural history include the
design and construction of calculating contributions to probability theory, research
on fluids and clarification of concepts such as pressure and vacuum.
● Gottfried Leibniz 1617 occupies an equally important in the history of philosophy
and mathematics in place. He also invented the binary system, foundation of
virtually all modern computer architectures. He invented the Stepped Reckoner
that could multiply 5 digit and 12 digit numbers yielding up to 16 digit numbers.
 MECHANICAL
Movable Type Printing The first use of the word
General Purpose Computers "computer" was recorded in
(people who used numbers) 1613, referring to a person
Slide Rule who carried out calculations,
Analog Computer or computations, and the
Key Punch Computer word continued to be used in
Binary Logic that sense until the middle of
Real Time Operated the 20th century.
Computers Analog Computer
 ELECTRO - MECHANICAL

The electromechanical age heralded the beginnings of

telecommunications as we know it today. This age can be
defined roughly as the time between 1840 and 1940.
Several revolutionary technologies were invented in this
period such as the Morse code, telephone, radio, etc. All
of these technologies were crucial stepping stones
towards modern information technology systems. The
first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United
States was the Harvard Mark 1 created by IBM in 1944.
This 8ft x 50ft x 2ft big computer weighed a whopping
five tons and had to be programmed using punch cards.
Its first use was by the Manhattan Project to simulate the
feasibility of an implosion to detonate an atomic bomb.
Engineers Work on A Harvard Mark 1 (1944)
 ELECTRO - MECHANICAL
Voltaic battery
            Alessandro Volta invented the voltaic pile which is considered to be the first source of
stored electricity in the 8th Century. The battery made by Volta is credited as the first
electrochemical cell.

Telegraph
         Samuel F.J. Morse invented the first magnetic telegraph in the year 1832 and made an
experiment version in 1815.
         
Telephone and Radio
            The first successful bi-directional transmission of clear speech by Bell and Watson was
made on 10 March 1876 when Bell spoke into his device, “Mr. Watson, come here, I want to
see you.” and Watson answered.
 ELECTRO - MECHANICAL
Tabulating machine:
       1853: Pehr and Advard Scheutz complete their tabulating Machine, capable of processing fifteen-digit
numbers, printing out results and rounding off to eight digits.
Comptometer:
        1885: A Comptometer is a type of mechanical (or electro-mechanical) adding machine. The comptometer
was the first adding device to be driven solely by the action of pressing keys,
Comptograph:
       1889: Felt’s Comptograph, containing built-in printer, is introduced.
Punch Cards
  A punch card or punched card (or punchcard or Hollerith card or IBM card), is a piece of stiff paper that
contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions.
The millionare
1893: The Millionaire, the first efficeint four-function calculator invented by Otto 
shweiger, a Swiss Engineer. 
 ELECTRO- MECHANICAL
BEGINNINGS OF
TELECOMMUNICARION
Voltaic Battery Census Machine
Telegraph Mark 1
Morse Code Paper Stored
Telephones and Radios Programming
Computing Exam Telephones and
Radios
 ELECTRONICAL
These machines used electronic switches, in the form of
vacuum tubes, instead of the electromechanical relays seen in
the previous era. In principle the electronic switches would be
more reliable, since they would have no moving parts that would
wear out, but the technology was still new at that time and the
tubes were comparable to relays in reliability. The major benefit
of electronic switches was that they could ‘open’ and ‘close’
thousands of times faster than relays.
 ELECTRONICAL
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer) was the
first electronic general-purpose
computer. It could solve a large
class of numerical problems
through reprogramming. Although it
was designed and primarily used to
calculate artillery firing tables for the
United States Army's Ballistic
Research Laboratory, its first ENIAC Being Programmed (1940’s)
programs included a study of the
feasibility of the thermonuclear
weapon.
 ELECTRONICAL
The Four Generations of Digital Computing
The first generation (1951- 1958)
·         Vacuum tubes as their main logic elements.
·         Punch cards to input and externally store data.
·         Rotating magnetic drums for internal storage of data and programs

The second generation (1959-1963)

·         Vacuum tubes replaced by transistors as main logic element.
·         Magnetic tape and disks began to replace punched cards as external
storage devices.
          
 ELECTRONICAL
          
The third generation(1964-1979)
           Individual transistors were replaced by integrated circuits.
           Magnetic core internal memories began to give way to a new form, metal
oxide semiconductor (MOS) memory, which, like integrated circuits, used silicon-
backed chips.

The Fourth Generation (1979- Present)

Microprocessors that contained memory, logic, and control circuits (an
entire CPU = Central Processing Unit) on a single chip.
Some have begun to call it the Information Revolution. Technological changes
brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s.
          
ELECTRONICAL
Computers
Personal computers had become widespread by the end of the 1980s. Also available was
the ability to connect these computers over local or even national networks.

Internet
The INTERNET was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case
of an attack, military advisers suggested the advantage of being able to operate one
computer from another terminal.

In the early 1990s, the WORLD WIDE WEB was developed, in large part, for commercial
purposes.
New forms of communication were introduced. ELECTRONIC MAIL, or EMAIL, was a
convenient way to send a message to associates or friends. New forms of communication
were introduced.  Messages could be sent and received at the convenience of the individual.
A letter that took several days to arrive could be read in minutes. 
 ELECTRONICAL
          

Advantages Disadvantages

1. Essential       1. Usage of electricity

2. Learning options 2. Dependent on
3. conserving themselves 
4. Quality of Information
5. The world is within your
hands
 ELECTRONICAL

1840-Present
Electronic Vacuum Tubes
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
Manchester Mark 1
First Computer for Commercial Use
 INFORMATION AGE AND
THE INTERNET
The information age, made possible by the advent of electronic computers, is
characterized by the shift from traditional industry to an economy based on
information digitization. The onset of the Information Age is associated with the
Digital Revolution, just as the Industrial Revolution marked the onset of the
Industrial Age. The Internet, synonymous with modern IT, was conceived of as a
fail-proof network that could connect computers together and be resistant to any
single point of failure. Because of decentralization, the Internet cannot be totally
destroyed in one event. If large areas are disabled, the information can be easily
rerouted. Its initial software applications were e-mail and computer file transfer.
 INFORMATION AGE AND
THE INTERNET
Though the Internet itself has
existed since 1969, it was with the
invention of the World Wide Web in
1989 by British scientist Tim
Berners-Lee and its introduction in
1991 that the Internet became an
easily accessible network. The
Internet is now a global platform for
accelerating the flow of information
and is pushing many, if not most, Map of Submarine Cables That Connect
older forms of media into Networks
obsolescence.
 RESOURCES
https://slideplayer.com/slide/7466727/

https://ehs.siu.edu/_
common/documents/IT%20newsletter/vol-
2-no-29.pdf

http://
ictlanguagesbrenda.blogspot.com/2016/02/
“Teacher are no longer the fountain
of knowledge; the internet is.”

—DON TAPSCOTT
GROUP 5 “MEMBER”
ATIENZA, ROXAN GLAIDEL
BORON, BRIAN C.
FURO, JACKIE M.
GIL, FRANCHESCA G.
MALUNES, JASTINE T.
MISOLAS, CHARINA R. 34
GROUP 5 “MEMBER”
MOSENDE, WENN
PASCO, CHARLENE B.
PICORO, CATLEN JOY V.
QUIATCHON, JESSA D.
SANTILICES, JHESEIL B.
SULAPAS, CHARLENE B. 35
THANK
YOU!