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The Contemporary World:: Global Cities

Global cities are urban hubs that influence global issues and change through economic power, opportunities, and political influence. Some key global cities include New York, London, and Tokyo. While global cities conjure exciting, cosmopolitan lifestyles, they also experience major inequality and poverty as the cost of living increases, forcing out low-income residents. Addressing issues of equity, livability, and sustainability will help global cities govern for their growing populations in the future.

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Mabelle Abellano Cipres
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85 views

The Contemporary World:: Global Cities

Global cities are urban hubs that influence global issues and change through economic power, opportunities, and political influence. Some key global cities include New York, London, and Tokyo. While global cities conjure exciting, cosmopolitan lifestyles, they also experience major inequality and poverty as the cost of living increases, forcing out low-income residents. Addressing issues of equity, livability, and sustainability will help global cities govern for their growing populations in the future.

Uploaded by

Mabelle Abellano Cipres
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE CONTEMPORARY

WORLD:
Global Cities
Why Study Global Cities??
Global Cities

• A Global City is a city that has the power to effect global


issued and change the global outlook.

Example of Global Cities:


1. London
2. New York
3. Tokyo
4. Paris
Difference of Global City and World City?

• Global city - considered to be a center which includes


not only trade, influential political activity, educational and
cultural attributes.
• World city - is seen in terms of powerful politics,
development of trade, culture and education.
This statement meant two things:

1. Globalization is spatial because it occurs in physical


spaces.
2. Globalization is spatial because what makes it move is
the fact that it is based in places.
DEFINING GLOBAL CITIES
DEFINING GLOBAL CITIES
• Sociologists Saskia Sassen popularized the term “global
city” in the 1990s.
• She initially identified three global cities:
1. New York - has the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
2. London - has the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE)
3. Tokyo - has the Nikke

(all of which are hubs of global finance and capitalism.)


DEFINING GLOBAL CITIES

• The amount of money traded in these markets is


staggering.
• The value of shares traded in NYSE for example, is
#19,300 billion, while that of the shares in the Philippine
Stock Exchange is only $231.3 billion.
• The global economy has changed significantly since
Sassen wrote her book, and any account of the economic
power of cities today must take note of the latest
developments.
DEFINING GLOBAL CITIES

• Others consider some cities “global” simply because they


are great places to live in.
• Defining a global city can thus be difficult. One way of
solving this dilemma is to go beyond the simple
dichotomy of global and non-global.
• Instead of asking whether or not one city is a global city (a
yes or no question), it is better to ask;
INDICATORS FOR GLOBALITY

The multiple attributes of the global city:


• Economic Power - “The foremost characteristic is
economic power.” Sassen remains correct in saying that
economic power largely determines which cities are global.

• Economic Opportunities - Economic opportunities in a


global city make it attractive to talents from across the world.
• Center of Authority - Global cities are also centers of
authority. ( Washington D.C. may not be as wealthy as New York,
but it is the seat of American state power.)

• Economic Competitiveness - Based on these criteria,


“tiny” Singapore is considered Asia’s most competitive city
because of its strong market, efficient and incorruptible
government, and liability.
• Political Influence - The cities that house major international
organizations may also be considered centers of political
influence.

• Center of Higher Learning and Culture - Global cities


are centers of higher learning and culture. A city’s intellectual
influence is seen through the influence of its publishing industry.
THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL CITIES

• Global cities conjure up images of fast-paced exciting,


cosmopolitan lifestyles. Global cities also have they
undersides. They can be sites of great inequality and
poverty as well as tremendous violence.
• Cities can be sustainable because of their density.
• The major terror attacks of recent years have also
targeted cities.
THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL CITIES

The 5 biggest challenges cities will face in the future:


1. Environmental threats
2. Resources
3. Inequality
4. Technology
5. Governance
(The broad goals of urban governance should address
issues of equity, livelibility, and sustainability in cities of the
future.)
THE GLOBAL CITY AND THE POOR

• We have consistently noted that economic globalization


has paved the way for massive inequality.
• Particularly those in developing countries, are sites of
contradiction. In places like Mumbai, Jakarta, and Manila,
it is common to find gleaming buildings alongside massive
shantytowns. This duality may even be seen in rich, urban
cities.
THE GLOBAL CITY AND THE POOR

• As a city attracts more capital and richer residents, real


estate prices go up and poor residents are forced to
relocate to far away but cheaper areas. This phenomenon
of driving out the poor in favor of newer, wealthier
residents is called gentrification.
• In France, poor Muslim migrants are forced out of Paris
and have clustered around ethnic enclaves known as
banlieue.
THE GLOBAL CITY AND THE POOR

• In most of the world’s global cities, the middle class is


also thinning out.
• These high earners, in turn, generate demand for an
unskilled labor force (hotel cleaners, nannies, maids,
waitresses, etc.) that will attend to their increasing needs.
• Middle-income jobs in manufacturing and business
process outsourcing (call centers, for example) are
moving to other countries.
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS YOU!

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