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Hydrographic Surveying: - Uses of Hydrographic Survey

Hydrographic surveying deals with mapping water bodies like lakes, rivers, and oceans to aid in navigation, construction projects, and dredging. Key tools and methods include sounding rods and lead lines to measure depth, tide gauges to measure water levels, and echo sounders which use sonar to calculate depth from the time it takes sound waves to reflect off the bottom. Hydrographic charts and maps are then produced containing depth, seabed, and hazard information to promote safety for navigation.

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Shahid Ali
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116 views7 pages

Hydrographic Surveying: - Uses of Hydrographic Survey

Hydrographic surveying deals with mapping water bodies like lakes, rivers, and oceans to aid in navigation, construction projects, and dredging. Key tools and methods include sounding rods and lead lines to measure depth, tide gauges to measure water levels, and echo sounders which use sonar to calculate depth from the time it takes sound waves to reflect off the bottom. Hydrographic charts and maps are then produced containing depth, seabed, and hazard information to promote safety for navigation.

Uploaded by

Shahid Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hydrographic surveying

• Hydrographic Surveying deals with water bodies mainly for the


construction of hydraulic structures, dredging and navigation 

• Uses of Hydrographic survey


• Preparation of nautical charts
• Assessing silting in harbors
• For planning dredging
• Determination of contour
• For lake and river survey
• For design of projects like dams, bridges, reservoirs, marine
structures, ports harbors, offshore structures
Hydrographic surveying
• Hydrographic Chart And Map
• It is an information medium and a tool for water bodies like lakes, rivers,
oceans etc for safety and ease of navigation
• It contains information on:
• Least water depths
• Nature of ocean bottom
• Sea and swell conditions
• Surface navigational dangers
• Other navigational significant data
Hydrographic surveying
• Sounding: Measurement of the vertical depth from the level surface of
the water to the bed of the lake, river or sea – a series of soundings
whether taken at random points or on a grid can be used to prepare a
plan showing the topographic features of the land vcovered by the water
•  Mean Sea Level ( MSL ): Average height of the sea in all states of the
oscillation equivalent to the level which would exist in the absence of all
tidal forces
• Mean Tide Level ( MTL ): Average value of the heights of high and low
water
Instruments used in hydrographic surveying
• Tide board: It is just like a vertical staff
used in leveling except it has a broader
face
• Float Gauge: A float is attached to the
bottom of a staff. The staff is then held
in a box which is fixed in a vertical
position. Only the bottom of the box is
open to the sea. The float rises and falls
with the tide, the staff running up and
down through guides on the inside of
the box. The staff can be read through a
special inspection opening in the side of
the box. Tide board

Float gauge
Instruments used in hydrographic surveying

• Automatic Tide Gauge: Normally


established permanently at an official
tide station. The tidal fluctuations are
recorded on a chart attached to a drum
which revolves with time or saved in a
data recorder. The gauge may need to
be visited only once every seven days to
change the paper chart and reset the
drive mechanism, i.e., wind the clock Automatic tide gauge

Radar based automatic tide gauge


Instruments used in hydrographic surveying

• Sounding equipment: It is the equipment used for


sounding.
• Sounding rod: It is a vertical rod having a shoe or flat
plate at one end to prevent sinking into soft bottom of
Sounding rod
water body
• Used for dams, creeks, lakes where water is shallow
• Lead line: A lead line is simply a weight (often of lead)
at the end of a line (string or rope) marked at intervals.
• The line is coiled and thrown over the side and the line
let out until the weight hits the bottom, at which point
the depth is read off the line by the leadsman. He then
coils the line in again and repeats the process

Lead line
Instruments used in hydrographic surveying

• Echo sounder: It is an instrument that measures the depth of water using


sound waves.
• They use technique called Sonar (sound navigation and ranging).
• They emit sound waves and record their reflection off the bottom . Then
base on the travel time they calculate the depth.

Echo sounder

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