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Global System For Mobile Communications (GSM) : Presented by

GSM is a second generation cellular standard developed in 1991 to provide digital voice and data services. It was widely adopted due to advantages over analog systems from using digital technology. GSM systems include components like the mobile station, base station, mobile switching center, home location register and visitor location register. GSM provides services like voice calls, SMS, and supports international roaming between networks through standards-based interoperability. It employs encryption and temporary identities to enhance security of communication over air interfaces.

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Soumen Chowdhury
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37 views14 pages

Global System For Mobile Communications (GSM) : Presented by

GSM is a second generation cellular standard developed in 1991 to provide digital voice and data services. It was widely adopted due to advantages over analog systems from using digital technology. GSM systems include components like the mobile station, base station, mobile switching center, home location register and visitor location register. GSM provides services like voice calls, SMS, and supports international roaming between networks through standards-based interoperability. It employs encryption and temporary identities to enhance security of communication over air interfaces.

Uploaded by

Soumen Chowdhury
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Global System for

Mobile
Communications
Presented By
(GSM)
:
Sayam Ganguly

Mayukh Basu

Shubham Roy Ghatak

Raktim Chowdhury

Md. Sahir Ahmed


An introduction to GSM
 Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM) is a second generation (2G) cellular
standard developed to cater voice services and
data delivery using digital modulation .

 It was first launched in 1991 by European


Standard Telecommunications Institute (ETSI).

 It had been widely accepted by the world due


to its significant technical advantages over
analog telephone systems due to use of digital
technology .
GSM across the
world

 1981 : Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) 450


 1983 : American Mobile Phone System (AMPS)
 1985 : Total Access Communication System (TACS)
 1986 : Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) 900
 1991 : American Digital Cellular (ADC)
 1991 : Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
 1992 : Digital Cellular System (DCS) 1800
 1994 : Personal Digital Cellular (PDC)
 1995 : PCS 1900—Canada
 1996 : PCS—United States
GSM : The Basic
Hierarchy

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

L oc ati on Ar ea (L A) Loc ati on Area (L A)

Base Station Controller (BSC) Base Station Controller (BSC) Base Station Controller (BSC)
Base Station Controller (BSC) + Location Area (LA)
(Overlap)
Cell Cell

Cell
Salient Features of a GSM
System

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)

 Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number (MSIN)

 Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)

 Location Area Identity (LAI)


GSM Services

 Telecommunication Services (mobile


telephony , emergence calling etc.)

 Bearer or Data Services (inter-


network information transfer ,
SMS , UMS etc .)

 Supplementary Services (includes


all the call related services)
Call Routing in GSM

 Call originating from MS

 Call termination to MS
Outgoing Call
1 MS sends dialled number to BSS

2 BSS sends dialled number to


MSC
3,4 MSC checks VLR if MS has
allowed the requested service.If
so , MSC asks BSS to allocate
resources for call.

5 MSC routes the call to GMSC


GMSC routes the call to local
exchange of called user .

7, 8 ,9,10 Answer back(ring back)


tone is routed from called user to
MS via GMSC,MSC and BSS .
Incoming
Call 1 Calling a GSM subscriber

2 Forwarding call to GSMC

3 Signal Setup to HLR by GMSC

4,5 Request MSRN by HLR from VLR

6 Forward responsible HLR to GMSC

7 Forward Call to current MSC

8,9 Get current status of MS

10 , 11 Paging of MS

12 ,13 MS answers

14 , 15 Security checks

16 , 17 Set up connection
Security in GSM
 On air interface, GSM uses
encryption and TMSI instead
of IMSI .

 SIM is provided 4-8 digit PIN


to validate the ownership of
SIM .

 3 main algorithms are specified


to ensure security:

 A3 algorithm for authentication

 A5 algorithm for encryption

 A8 algorithm for key generation


Advantages of GSM over Analog system
 Capacity increases .

 Reduced RF transmission power and longer battery life .

 International roaming capability.

 Better security against fraud (through terminal validation and user


authentication).

 Encryption capability for information security and privacy.

 Compatibility with ISDN , leading to wider range of services.


Applications of GSM
 Mobile telephony

 GSM Radio

 Telemetry System

 Fleet management

 Automatic meter reading

 Toll Collection

 Remote control and fault


reporting of DG sets

 Value Added Services

 Wireless Communication
Future of GSM
 2nd Generation (2G)

GSM -9.6 Kbps (data rate)

 2.5 Generation (2.5 G)

 HSCSD (High Speed circuit switched data)

 Data rate : 76.8 Kbps (9.6 x 8 kbps)

GPRS (General Packet Radio service)

 Data rate: 14.4 - 115.2 Kbps

EDGE (Enhanced data rate for GSM Evolution)

 Data rate: 547.2 Kbps (max)

 3rd Generation (3G)

 WCDMA (Wide band CDMA)

 Data rate : 0.348 – 2.0 Mbps


Thank You

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