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EE368 Face Detection Project: Angi Chau, Ezinne Oji, Jeff Walters 28 May, 2003

This document summarizes the high-level system design of a face detection project. The system uses three steps: face color detection using a neural network, region of interest isolation using convolution with an oval mask, and final decision making. The neural network is trained on skin and non-skin pixel patterns. Experimental results showed the system could process images in under 1 second and worked best with a simple algorithm, though challenges remained in parameter selection and differing performance across colorspaces.

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Rushi Chavan
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33 views11 pages

EE368 Face Detection Project: Angi Chau, Ezinne Oji, Jeff Walters 28 May, 2003

This document summarizes the high-level system design of a face detection project. The system uses three steps: face color detection using a neural network, region of interest isolation using convolution with an oval mask, and final decision making. The neural network is trained on skin and non-skin pixel patterns. Experimental results showed the system could process images in under 1 second and worked best with a simple algorithm, though challenges remained in parameter selection and differing performance across colorspaces.

Uploaded by

Rushi Chavan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE368 Face Detection Project

Angi Chau, Ezinne Oji, Jeff Walters


28 May, 2003
High-Level System Design

• Face Color Detection

• Region of Interest Isolation

• Final Decison
Skin Color Detection: Neural Network

TRAINING
• Stochastic Backpropagation
• Training patterns pre-whitened.
• Learning rate, , decreased with
each training epoch.
• Train on equal number of skin and
non-skin pixels.
• Training takes 10 minutes.

NETWORK TOPOLOGY AND


COLORSPACE CHOICES
• Choose number of hidden units
RUNNING • Pixel color can be expressed in
• Extremely Efficient multiple colorspaces
– – RGB Lab, XYZ, and HSV
All image pixels can be processed
in under 1s. – RGB provided fewest false
positives
Isolate Face Shapes: Convolving with Mask

• Resulting image from neural


net had regions of interests
that were not true faces.

• The unique oval-shape true


faces was used.

• To isolate most probable


regions of interest, the test
image is convolved with an
oval mask.
Narrowing Possible Face Locations

• Increases speed of
detection algorithm.

• Test images showed that


the faces were usually
clustered.

• We risk eliminating true


faces, but we reject more
false positives.
Split Multi-Face Images: k-Means Clustering

• Regions may contain more than one face.


• Estimate number of faces using the Distance Transform
– Use this estimate to initialize k.
• Feature vectors are (x,y) locations of each pixel in the region.
• Assign each pixel to one of k new regions.
Results on Training Images
Misses Repeats False Pos

Image 1 2 0 0

Image 2 2 3 3

Image 3 1 0 1

Image 4 3 0 0

Image 5 1 1 1

Image 6 2 0 0

Image 7 3 1 0

• System runtime under 10s on average


• Simplest algorithm actually worked best!
Problems Encountered

• Differences amongst colorspaces


– e.g., Lab misidentifies red shirts as skin.
– Final implementation used RGB neural net only.

• System parameters
– Threshold for finding peaks during face color detection.
– Aggressiveness of the k-means region breakup.
– Finding the optimal set of parameters is a hard problem.
Failed Approaches

• Adaptive thresholding for face color detection.


• Morphological operations to clean up color segmentation results.
• Eigenfaces
• Template matching
– Average face
– Average eyes
– Average “eye-frames”
– Difficult to interpret correlation results.
Face Detection Gender Recognition
1 2 (19) 1 (1)
2 1 (20) 2 (0)
3 3 (18) 2 (0)
4 3 (18) 2 (0)
5 7 (13) 2 (0)
6 5 (17) 2 (0)
7 6 (16) 2 (0)
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