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Chapter 9 Probability

There are three main types of probability: 1. Subjective probability is based on personal opinions and judgments about the likelihood of an event. It differs between individuals. 2. Empirical probability estimates the likelihood of an event based on its past frequency of occurrence determined from experiments and observations. 3. Classical probability assigns equal likelihood to all possible outcomes of an event, such as the probability of rolling a specific number on a fair six-sided die being 1/6.

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Laysa Florece
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87 views

Chapter 9 Probability

There are three main types of probability: 1. Subjective probability is based on personal opinions and judgments about the likelihood of an event. It differs between individuals. 2. Empirical probability estimates the likelihood of an event based on its past frequency of occurrence determined from experiments and observations. 3. Classical probability assigns equal likelihood to all possible outcomes of an event, such as the probability of rolling a specific number on a fair six-sided die being 1/6.

Uploaded by

Laysa Florece
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBABILITY

A. SUBJECTIVE PROBABILITY,
EMPIRICAL PROBABILITY
(RELATIVE FREQUENCY) AND
CLASSICAL PROBABILITY
(THEORETICAL PRIORI)

Reporter: Florece, Ma. Alyssa B.


BSE 2-2(Major in Mathematics)
WHAT IS
PROBABILITY?
It is the prediction of a certain
outcome when something
occurs.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY

SUBJECTIVE EMPIRICAL CLASSICAL


PROBABILITY PROBABILITY PROBABILITY
SUBJECTIVE
PROBABILITY
WHAT IS SUBJECTIVE
PROBABILITY?
Subjective probability refers to a form of
probability that is based on the opinion of
perspectives of individuals about an
occurrence. 
KEY POINTS
● It is a type of probability that stems from the opinions and
personal judgement of individuals to the likelihood of an
event or outcome.
● Subjective probability differs from one person to another.
● This type of probability is highly dominated by personal
biases and subjected to people's opinions.
● Subjective probability requires no mathematical,
computerized or formal calculations.
Probability (x) = degree of
personal belief that x is true
*Where x is an event, situation, or
condition
EXAMPLES

Job interviews outcome

Employee promotion

Performance incentives

Business sale
EMPIRICAL
PROBABILITY(RELAT
IVE FREQUENCY)
WHAT IS EMPIRICAL
PROBABILITY?

Empirical probability is based upon how


likely an event has occurred in the past.
It is also called experimental probability.
KEY POINTS
● The empirical (or experimental) probability of
an event is an "estimate" that an event will occur
based upon how often the event occurred after
collecting data from an experiment in a large
number of trials. This type of probability is based
upon direct observations. Each observation in an
experiment is called a trial.
Empirical Probability Formula =
f/n

where,
f is the number of times an event
occurs(frequency)
n is the total number of trials
EXAMPLES
Example 1: In a group of 50 people, 32 people chose to order non-
veg burgers over the veg. What is the empirical probability of
someone ordering veg burgers?

Solution:
Total number of people = 50
Number of people who chose non-veg burgers = 32
Number of people who chose veg burgers = 50 - 32 = 18
Hence, As per empirical probability formula, it is = 18 / 50 = 0.36.

Therefore, the empirical probability of someone ordering veg burgers is


0.36 or 36%.
CLASSICAL
PROBABILITY(THEORE
TICAL PRIORI)
WHAT IS CLASSICAL
PROBABILITY?
The concept of classical probability is the
simplest form of probability that has
equal odds of something happening.
Formula for Classical Probability

P(A)=f / N
where, 
P(A) = probability of event A
 f is the frequency, or number of possible times
the event could happen
N is the number of possible events (outcomes)
EXAMPLES
Example 1: The typical example of classical probability
would be rolling of a fair dice because it is equally probable
that top face of die will be any of the 6 numbers on the die: 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Example 2: Tossing an unbiased coin. There is an equal
probability that your toss will yield either head or tail.
Example 3: In selecting bingo balls, each numbered ball has an
equal chance of being chosen.
Example 4: The odds of rolling a 2 on a fair die are one out of
6, (1/6).

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