I.

Relationship between globalization and Asia Regionalism

 ASIA REGIONALISM - is an important factor that both complements and

shapes corporate strategies and government in a globalizing economics.

 REGIONALISM- is growing relevance to the political economy of Asia- Pacific.

In the wake of the Asian regionalism during the 1980’s and 1990’s.
o Business Networks in North east and South east Asia
 Japanese and Chinese- the effects of economic monetary and financial
policies on regional cooperation.

 Globalization and the Asia Pacific and South Asia

The book of Ehito Kimura
 The world politics today: two Processes
1) Acceleration of globalization - defined as the worldwide integration along
economic, political, social, and cultural lines.
2) Emerging influence of Asia as a global force. Neither of these processes is
absolute, each contains elements of variety, contingency, and uncertainty.
  The term ‘Asia’ itself comes from the ancient Greeks who categorized the world
into three continents, Europe, Africa, and Asia.
 Boundaries of Asia
- made in a long culture or political lines rather than according to any clear
geographical rationale belonging to…

Example: Russia and Middle East occupies a vast amount of the Asian continent. It
is not usually considered a part of Asia. But because of their own region they
considered it…
o Asia Pacific- it refers to an even boarder area as evidenced of APEC (Asia Pacific
Economic Cooperation): The Pacific Rim
- Canada, United States, Chile, Mexico, Peru
- South Asia and even Central Asia, though usually it does not
 The word ‘Pacific’- it refers to the Pacific Islands or Oceania the Melanesia,
Micronesia, and Polynesia
 The Island Grouping
a) The world’s most economically developed states highly impoverished countries:
Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan
b) The largest and most populous states: Cambodia, Laos and Nepal, also in the globe
China and India
c) The smallest: Maldives and Bhutan.
The countries in the region also vary widely according to geography, political systems,
historical experience, and broad demographic characteristics. The third of the world’s
land mass and two-thirds of the global population.
 By the GDP (gross domestic product):
- Asia 35 per cent, compared with Europe (28 percent) and North America (23 per cent)
(Asian Development Bank, 2012: 156)
- Also accounts for just over a third of total world exports of merchandise goods up
from a quarter in 2001 (Asian Development Bank, 2012:211).
 Socio economic problems: affected by poverty, hunger, HIV/AIDS, gender
inequality and etc.…

In addition to its sheer size, the Asia Pacific and South Asia
-That the robust economic growth in China and India and the strategic
implications this brings to regional and global players.

Japan also remains a relevant if declining force in the region and the world, and other
countries including the Koreas, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Pakistan all have economic
and strategic relevance in today’s global system.
‘Pacific Pivot’ – is the shift to committing more resources and
attention to the region.

Foreign Affairs, US Secretary of the State (Hillary Clinton) she said

shift called ‘Atlantic Century to the Pacific Century’
The Asia-Pacific has become a key driver of global politics.
Stretching from the Indian subcontinent to the western shores
of the Americas, the regions pans two oceans – the Pacific and the
Indian –that are increasingly linked by shipping and strategy. It
boasts almost half the world’s population. It includes many of the
key engines of the global economy, as well as the largest emitters of
green-house gases. It is home to several of our key allies and
important emerging powers like China, India, and Indonesia.
(Clinton, 2011)
  An Externalist view of globalization

- External phenomenon being pushed into the region by world powers, particularly the

United States and Europe. From this perspective, globalizations can be understood as a
process that transforms the Asia Pacific and South Asia.

One of the earliest manifestations of this externalist discourse emerges from the historical
narratives about the Western ‘arrival’ to the Asia Pacific and South Asia.

According to this view: To the Western powers

• Found their way to the region and
alternatively prodded and muscled their way to political and economic dominance.

There reasons, ranging from environmental and ecological advantages to other social,
political, and/or cultural characteristics.
  In the 1500 the colonialism begin to role there power

This ‘first globalization’ had deep implications for domestic political structures in many local
indigenous polities.

Example:
1511: Portuguese invasion of Melaka
1521: Ferdinand Magellan landed in Visayan region in Philippines.
The beginning of extended Spanish colonial rule in those islands.
17th century: followed by Dutch slowly strengthened their position in the Dutch East Indies.
19th century: British also consolidated their power in South Asia, Burma and the Malay
Peninsula.
: French eventually took control of Indo-China.

 JS Furnivall famously made the distinction between direct colonial rules through colonial
administrators and indirect rule though ‘native’ administrators (Furnivall, 1956).
Europeans brought new economic practices, religious
beliefs, cultural values, and political structures that changed the region drastically.

 Even the other place did not control of colonials was ‘influence of western’.

Example:
-Japan, which had been closed off during the reign of the Tokugawa shogunate, was
forced open by the ‘black ships’ of Commodore Matthew Perry in the late
nineteenth century. Combined with other factors, this brought about the Meiji
Restoration and the subsequent political and economic transformation of Japan
turning it into a regional and eventually world power (Jansen, 2002).

-Thailand too was never technically colonized, but the country underwent significant
changes under the rein of King Mongkut (Rama IV) and King Chulalongkorn( Rama
V). Rama V in particular is still remembered as a ‘Great Modernizer’
who brought major political, social, and economic reforms to Thailand (Stifel, 1976).

 Nationalism and Independence in 19th and 20th centuries

Example: (By Benedict Anderson) Jose Rizal- nationalist leaders in the Philippines that
image themselves as a Filipino after being influenced by life in Spain and elsewhere
(Anderson, 2007). He also highlights how as the idea of nationalism gained steam, it
became modular and spread to other parts of the globe (Anderson, 1991).
CONCLUSION
 The purpose of this essay has been to suggest various lenses through which to
explore the relationship between globalization and the region of Asia Pacific
and South Asia.
 The point as not been to argue that one lens is more appropriate than the other.
Instead, it show globalization is a complex process where regional dynamics must
be understood as both a cause and a consequence.

 The essay has proposed a view of the Asia Pacific and South Asia as an object of
globalization, a subject of globalization, and an alternative to globalization. In so
doing, it has also perhaps simplified the possible ways to view the
interactions between region and process. Some argue that what we see today is
but a dual process of ‘hybridization’
(Shinji and Eades, 2003: 6)
II. Challenges in Asia Regionalism in the world economy in the Globalization

 Asia- becoming not just the world’s factory, but also its leading creditor, and one of its
key sources of dynamism and stability.

 The Challenges of Asia regionalism: Key Areas

-Asia’s Growth -Productivity -Financial Stability

-Regional Economic Integration
Thank you for Listening

Cherri Mae Codiam

Jessica Cecilio
Kzarina Cambia
Kobee Wackisan
Angel Lee Magno