Allocating IP Addressing by

Using Dynamic Host

Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Overview

Adding and Authorizing a DHCP Server Service

Configuring a DHCP Scope
Configuring a DHCP Reservation
Configuring a DHCP Relay Agent
Adding and Authorizing a DHCP Server Service

Why Use DHCP?

How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses
How the DHCP Lease Generation Process Works
How the DHCP Lease Renewal Process Works
How to Add a DHCP Server Service
How a DHCP Server Service Is Authorized
How to Authorize a DHCP Server Service
Why Use DHCP?

DHCP reduces the complexity and amount of administrative work by using

automatic TCP/IP configuration

Manual TCP/IP Configuration Automatic TCP/IP Configuration

IP addresses are entered manually IP addresses are supplied
on each client computer automatically to client computers
Possibility of entering incorrect or Ensures that clients always use
invalid IP address correct configuration information
Incorrect configuration can lead to Client configuration is updated
communication and network issues automatically to reflect changes in
network structure
Administrative overload on networks
where computers are frequently Eliminates a common source of
moved network problems
How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses

DHCP Client2:
Non-DHCP Client: IP configuration
Static IP from DHCP server
configuration

Lease Renewal

Lease Generation

DHCP Server

DHCP Client1: DHCP

IP configuration Database
from DHCP server
IP Address1: Leased to DHCP Client1
IP Address2: Leased to DHCP Client2
IP Address3: Available to be leased
How the DHCP Lease Generation Process Works

DHCP
Server2

DHCP DHCP
Server1 Client

1 DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER packet

2 DHCP servers broadcast a DHCPOFFER packet

3 DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST packet

4 DHCP Server1 broadcasts a DHCPACK packet

How the DHCP Lease Renewal Process Works

DHCP
Server2

DHCP Client
DHCP
Server1

87.5%
100%
50% ofof
oflease
lease
lease
duration has
expired

1If theDHCP
client Client
client sends
renewaait’s
fails tosends DHCPREQUEST
DHCPREQUEST
its lease,
lease, after
after 50% packet
packet
87.5%of of
thethe
lease
lease duration
has
expired, then then
has expired, the DHCP leaselease
the DHCP generation
renewalprocess
processstarts over again
will begin again
2afteraDHCP
with DHCPServer1
87.5% ofclient sends a DHCPACK
broadcasting
the lease duration ahas packet
DHCPDISCOVER
expired
 How a DHCP Server Service Is Authorized

If DHCP
DHCPServer1
Server1finds its IP
checks address
with the
on the list,
domain the service
controller starts
to obtain andof
a list
Domain supports DHCP
authorized DHCP clients
servers
Controller
DHCP Server1

Authorized
Active Services DHCP
Directory
requests

DHCP Server2
DHCP Client Unauthorized
Does not service
IfDHCP
DHCP
DHCPclient
Server2
Server2 checks
does
receives not
IP with
findthe
addressits IP DHCP requests
DHCP
domain
address onclient receives
controller IP address
to obtain
the list, the service a does
list ofnot
from
from authorized
authorized DHCP
DHCP Server1
Server1
authorized
start and supportDHCP servers
DHCP clients

DHCP authorization is the process of registering the DHCP Server service in the Active
Directory domain to support DHCP clients
Configuring a DHCP Scope

What Are DHCP Scopes?

How to Configure a DHCP Scope
What Are DHCP Scopes?

A scope is a range of IP addresses that are available to be leased

DHCP Server

LAN A LAN B
Scope A Scope B

Scope Properties
Network ID Lease duration Scope name
Subnet mask Router Exclusion range
Network IP
address range
Lesson: Configuring a DHCP Reservation

What Is a DHCP Reservation?

How to Configure a DHCP Reservation
 What Is a DHCP Reservation?

A reservation is a specific IP address, within a scope, that is

permanently reserved for leased use to a specific DHCP client

Workstation 1 File and Print

Server

Subnet A Subnet B

DHCP Server
Workstation 2

IP Address1: Leased to Workstation 1

IP Address2: Leased to Workstation 2
IP Address3: Reserved for File and Print Server
 What Is a DHCP Relay Agent?

A DHCP relay agent is a computer or router configured to listen for DHCP/BOOTP

broadcasts from DHCP clients and then relay those messages to DCHP servers
on different subnets

DHCP Relay Agent DHCP Server

Unicast

Broadcast Broadcast
Subnet A Subnet B
Routers
Non-RFC 1542
Compliant

Client Client Client Client

How a DHCP Relay Agent Works

DHCP Relay Agent DHCP Server

Client2 Router Client3

Client1 Non-RFC 1542 Compliant

1 Client1 broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER packet

2 Relay agent forwards the DHCPDISCOVER message to the DHCP server

3 Server sends a DHCPOFFER message to the DHCP relay agent

4 Relay agent broadcasts the DHCPOFFER packet

5 Client1 broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST packet

6 Relay agent forwards the DHCPREQUEST message to the DHCP server

7 Server sends a DHCPACK message to the DHCP relay agent

8 Relay agent broadcasts the DHCPACK packet
 How a DHCP Relay Agent Uses Hop Count

The hop count threshold is the number of routers that the packet can be
transmitted through before being discarded

DHCP Relay Agent 2

Hop Count = 2
DHCP Relay Agent 1

DHCP Server
 How a DHCP Relay Agent Uses Boot Threshold

The boot threshold is the length of time in seconds that the DHCP Relay
Agent will wait for a local DHCP server to respond to client requests before
forwarding the request

Boot Threshold DHCP Server 2

= 10 seconds
DHCP Relay Agent

Local DHCP
Server
DHCP Server 3